Abstract:Background
Many high-income countries are heavily dependent on internationally trained doctors to staff their healthcare workforce. Over one-third of doctors practising in the UK received their primary medical qualification abroad. Simultaneously, an average of around 2.1% of doctors leave the UK medical workforce annually to go overseas. The aim of this study was to identify the drivers and barriers of international migration of doctors to and from the UK.
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“…The push and pull factors influencing physicians' migration encompass a wide spectrum of considerations and can be broadly categorised into three primary dimensions: financial, professional, and general sociopolitical factors. Additionally, facilitators and barriers to mobility influence physicians' migration decisions (Brennan et al, 2023). Understanding the interplay between these multifaceted pushes and pull factors, alongside facilitators and barriers to mobility, is essential in comprehensively assessing and addressing the complexities surrounding physicians' migration decisions.…”
Section: A Literature Review: Migration Of Romanian Doctorsmentioning
Healthcare professional migration has emerged as a global phenomenon, underscoring the need to comprehend migrant doctors' patterns and characteristics for effective policymaking and workforce planning. The paper analyses medical practitioners' migration across European countries. Through a quantitative survey, it unveils socio-demographic and professional attributes specific to Romanian doctors. The study explores correlations between the demographic and professional attributes of Romanian migrant doctors and the socio-economic traits of destination countries. Employing clustering analysis, the research identifies four distinct clusters, revealing variations in medical specialisations, income levels, marital statuses, and durations of stay across different European countries. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of migration patterns among Romanian doctors. More research is needed to investigate factors influencing Romanian doctors' migration decisions and experiences and compare their profiles to those of migrant doctors from other countries. Understanding these patterns can help healthcare workforce planning, recruitment strategies, and policy development.
“…The push and pull factors influencing physicians' migration encompass a wide spectrum of considerations and can be broadly categorised into three primary dimensions: financial, professional, and general sociopolitical factors. Additionally, facilitators and barriers to mobility influence physicians' migration decisions (Brennan et al, 2023). Understanding the interplay between these multifaceted pushes and pull factors, alongside facilitators and barriers to mobility, is essential in comprehensively assessing and addressing the complexities surrounding physicians' migration decisions.…”
Section: A Literature Review: Migration Of Romanian Doctorsmentioning
Healthcare professional migration has emerged as a global phenomenon, underscoring the need to comprehend migrant doctors' patterns and characteristics for effective policymaking and workforce planning. The paper analyses medical practitioners' migration across European countries. Through a quantitative survey, it unveils socio-demographic and professional attributes specific to Romanian doctors. The study explores correlations between the demographic and professional attributes of Romanian migrant doctors and the socio-economic traits of destination countries. Employing clustering analysis, the research identifies four distinct clusters, revealing variations in medical specialisations, income levels, marital statuses, and durations of stay across different European countries. These findings provide a comprehensive understanding of migration patterns among Romanian doctors. More research is needed to investigate factors influencing Romanian doctors' migration decisions and experiences and compare their profiles to those of migrant doctors from other countries. Understanding these patterns can help healthcare workforce planning, recruitment strategies, and policy development.
“…Since November 2021, for example, the UK has signed agreements with India, Kenya, Malaysia, Nepal, the Philippines and Sri Lanka to facilitate the recruitment of health workers 2. Driven by poor working conditions and low pay, an increasing number of health workers in LMICs migrate to wealthier countries in the hope of a better life 3–5. The WHO estimates that around 15% of health and care workers are currently working outside their country of birth or the country where they gained their first professional qualification 6…”
Section: Introductionmentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Existing policy research in this area has aimed to understand key drivers for, and policy responses to, outward migration of health workers,3–5 governance frameworks14 15 and issues pertaining to regulation and policy formation 15 16. Others have focused on the experiences of the migrant workers themselves, including experiences of discrimination in their host countries 17–19.…”
BackgroundHigh-income countries increasingly look to the international recruitment of health workers to address domestic shortages, especially from low-income and middle-income countries. We adapt conceptual frameworks from migration studies to examine the networked and commercialised nature of the Indian market for nurse migration to the UK.MethodsWe draw on data from 27 expert interviews conducted with migration intermediaries, healthcare providers and policymakers in India and the UK.FindingsIndia–UK nurse migration occurs within a complex and evolving market encompassing ways to educate, train and recruit nursing candidates. For-profit actors shape the international orientation of nursing curricula, broker on-the-job training and offer language, exam and specialised clinical training. Rather than merely facilitate travel, these brokers produce both generic, emigratory nurses as well as more customised nurses ready to meet specific shortages in the UK.DiscussionThe dialectic of producing emigratory and customised nurses is similar to that seen in the Post-Fordist manufacturing model characterised by flexible specialisation and a networked structure. As the commodity in this case are people attempting to improve their position in life, these markets require attention from health policy makers. Nurse production regimes based on international market opportunities are liable to change, subjecting nurses to the risk of having trained for a market that can no longer accommodate them. The commercial nature of activities further entrenches existing socioeconomic inequalities in the Indian nurse force. Negative repercussions for the source healthcare system can be anticipated as highly qualified, specialised nurses leave to work in healthcare systems abroad.
“…The analysis of the specialized literature regarding the determinants of the migration of medical personnel from low-resource countries shows us a complex of motivational factors based on Maslow’s hierarchy of human needs [ 20 , 21 ]: “financial safety needs” [ 22 ] and the desire for professional development through better training opportunities and research [ 23 , 24 , 25 , 26 ]. Moreover, the COVID-19 crisis strengthened the resolve to emigrate for a lot of medical students [ 27 ].…”
The phenomenon of migration among medical personnel from less developed countries is a large one, with negative effects on the origin country, but more worrying is graduates’ propensity to migrate during or immediately after university studies. The analysis of the labor market in the health sector from the last two decades shows us greater attractiveness of employment in (more) economically developed states compared to the demand from the health sector in graduates’ origin countries. This research’s purpose is to identify the determinants of the propensity to study and work abroad of medical students as a defined factor for better employment, and to identify the push factors in the origin country. As a result of the dichotomous nature of the dependent variables, logistic regression was applied. The independent variables (gender, residence, medical specialization, grades and perceived economic status) were used to identify the odds of the intention to migrate for studies. The results highlighted a higher propensity to migrate for studies among medical students, with opportunities offered by universities differing across countries and geographical areas. Moreover, students with a lower level of household income have openness to migrate, the tuition fees being managed through part-time/temporary employment during studies.
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