Driver Behavior Comparison Between Static and Dynamic Simulation for Advanced Driving Maneuvers

Abstract

In advanced driving maneuvers, such as a slalom maneuver, it is assumed that drivers use all the available cues to optimize their driving performance. For example, in curve driving, drivers use lateral acceleration to adjust car velocity. The same result can be found in driving simulation. However, for comparable curves, drivers drove faster in fixed-base simulators than when actually driving a car. This difference in driving behavior decreases with the use of inertial motion feedback in simulators. The literature suggests that the beneficial effect of inertial cues in driving behavior increases with the difficulty of the maneuver. Therefore, for an extreme maneuver such as a fast slalom, a change in driving behavior is expected when a fixed-base condition is compared to a condition with inertial motion. It is hypothesized that driving behavior in a simulator changes when motion cues are present in extreme maneuvers. To test the hypothesis, a comparison between No-Motion and Motion car driving simulation was done, by measuring driving behavior in a fast slalom. A within-subjects design was used, with 20 subjects driving the fast slalom in both conditions. The average speed during the Motion condition was significantly lower than the average speed during the No-Motion condition. The same was found for the peak lateral acceleration generated by the car model. A power spectral density analysis performed on the steering wheel angle signal showed different control input behavior between the two experimental conditions. In addition, the results from a paired comparison showed that subjects preferred driving with motion feedback. From the lower driving speed and different control input on the steering wheel, we concluded that motion feedback led to a significant change in driving behavior.

Effect of Motion Cues on Highway Driving Performance in Simulated Driving

“…That is, motion cues caused drivers to drive more slowly and brake with a smaller deceleration and with a lower jerk during braking tasks. Gra´cio et al's study also showed that the mean speed tested with motion cues was lower than that tested without motion cues (41). So the speed values may have various results because of certain factors such as driving behavior, road type, and geometric alignments.…”

Motorcycle simulator subjective and objective validation for low speed maneuvering

“…In the reproduction of highly dynamic lateral maneuvers, the effect of motion was found to be significant in terms of both behavioral fidelity and presence in different studies. 28,29 Another study investigated effects of motion while turning on a car driving simulator, 30 and showed that differences in driving performance are not significant with respect to the adopted motion cueing strategy, although motion cueing had an impact on perceived realism. Similarly, in this study it was found that the motion has a small impact on performance (with the exception of the braking maneuver) but a significant impact on the motion element of perceived simulator realism.…”

Expert subjective comparison of haptic models for bone–drill interaction

“…In driving simulation, Gracio et al showed that the addition of appropriate motion feedback can increase the performance and acceptance of the user of the simulation system [10]. Harrington et al [11] showed that increasing visual fidelity had a significant impact on knowledge gained from the use of a virtual environment.…”