Drinking with a very long proboscis: Functional morphology of orchid bee mouthparts (Euglossini, Apidae, Hymenoptera)

Düster, Jellena V.; Gruber, Maria; Karolyi, Florian; Plant, John; Krenn, Harald W.

doi:10.1016/j.asd.2017.12.004

Cited by 19 publications

(12 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…The arrangement of sensilla is in line with other nectar feeding insects, i.e. butterflies, flies or bees that exhibit sugar detecting sensilla at the apex of the proboscis where nectar adheres to the mouthpart surface (Galić 1971, Krenn 1998, Krenn et al 2005, Bauder et al 2013, Krenn and Bauder 2017, Düster et al 2018.…”

Section: Sensilla Equipment Of Mouthpartsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Mouthpart dimorphism in male and female wasps of Vespula vulgaris and Vespula germanica (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)

Baranek¹,

Kuba²,

Bauder³

et al. 2018

DEZ

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Social wasps perform a variety of tasks with their mouthparts. Female workers use them to feed on carbohydrate-rich fluids, to build nests by collecting wood fibers and forming paper, to hunt and manipulate insect prey for feeding larvae as well as for brood care. Since male wasps neither feed on insects nor participate in nest building, sex-specific differences in mouthpart morphology are expected. Despite these different applications, general mouthpart morphology of male and female wasps from the genus Vespula was similar. However, males possessed significantly shorter mandibles with fewer teeth than females. Furthermore, the adductor muscles of the mandibles were distinctly smaller in males than in females. Male wasps showed a higher number of sensilla on the mandibles and the labial palpi. Mouthpart dimorphism and functional morphology of fluid uptake are discussed.

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Section: Sensilla Equipment Of Mouthpartsmentioning

confidence: 76%

Mouthpart dimorphism in male and female wasps of Vespula vulgaris and Vespula germanica (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)

Baranek¹,

Kuba²,

Bauder³

et al. 2018

DEZ

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“…Nevertheless, generally used methodology on how to measure mouthpart length in pollinators is not available, especially for measuring live specimens, and recommendations for reliable measurements are still scarce (e.g., Harder 1982 for bees; similarly, widely accepted methods for investigating terrestrial arthropod morphology were missing (Moretti et al 2017)). In contrast, several papers include well-detailed protocols that may be used as a sound basis of a general methodology (see, e.g., Krenn et al 2001;Bauder et al 2014;Cariveau et al 2016;Düster et al 2018). According to Kearns and Inouye (1993), proboscis length measurement seems to be relatively easy in insect pollinators.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Measuring proboscis length in Lepidoptera: a review

2020

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Mouthpart morphologies relate to diet range. Differences among or within species may result in resource partitioning and speciation. In plant-pollinator interactions, mouthpart length has an important role in foraging efficiency, resource partitioning and pollination, hence measuring nectarivorous insect mouthparts’ morphological variation is important. Most adult lepidopterans feed on nectars and participate in pollination. Although a vast range of studies applied morphometric measurements on lepidopteran proboscis (tongue) length, general recommendations on methodologies are scarce. We review available proboscis length measurement methodologies for Lepidoptera. Focusing on how proboscides have been measured, how accurate the measurements were, and how were these constrained by sampling effort, we searched for research articles investigating lepidopteran proboscis length and extracted variables on the aims of measurements, preparation and measurement methodology, and descriptive statistics. Different methods were used both for preparation and measurements. Many of the 135 reviewed papers did not provide descriptions of the procedures applied. Research aims were different among studies. Forty-four percent of the studies measured dead specimens, 13% measured living specimens, and 43% were unclear. Fifteen percent of the studies used callipers, 9% rulers, 1% millimetre scales, 4% ocular micrometers, 3% drawings and 14% photographs; 55% were non-informative. We emphasise the importance to provide detailed descriptions on the methods applied. Providing guidelines for future sampling and measurements, we encourage fellow researchers planning measurements to take into account the effect of specimen preparation techniques on the results, define landmarks, consider resolution, accuracy, precision, choose an appropriate sample size and report details on methodology.

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“…In some nectar drinking insects, a sucking pump is present in the head capsule. The periodic movements of this pump cause nectar sucking and transfer of the nectar to the gut 3,5,8,9,55 . In our study, we found the sperm pump, which features stout circular muscles, in four out of the five studied species having flagella with relatively large diameters.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Examples are elongated mouthparts of fluid-drinking insects, which are used for nectar uptake and blood-sucking. The morphology/behavior 1–5 , electrophysiology 6,7 , and mechanics 8–13 of such mouthparts have been well investigated. According to the literature, the mutually non-exclusive mechanisms for fluid drinking are (1) active suction, (2) capillary suction, and (3) viscous dipping, the latter enabling animals to suck a relatively viscous fluid by dipping their mouthparts in that fluid (summarized in Kim et al .…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sperm transfer through hyper-elongated beetle penises – morphology and theoretical approaches

Matsumura

Michels

Rajabi

et al. 2019

Sci Rep

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Many insects possess a hyper-elongated intromittent organ with a diameter of only a few micrometers. Using morphological and theoretical approaches, we investigated the biomechanics of sperm transfer through such organs by calculating (1) how far and how fast sperm could fill in the penis by capillary action, (2) how much capillary pressure is generated in the penis, and (3) how much pressure is needed to pump sperm out of the penis. The results enabled us to propose the following hypotheses: (1) penile filling basically occurs by capillary action, and (2) sperm transport to females occurs by contracting the sperm pump muscles or by active propulsion of spermatozoa. Potential experimental approaches to test these hypotheses are discussed.

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Drinking with a very long proboscis: Functional morphology of orchid bee mouthparts (Euglossini, Apidae, Hymenoptera)

Cited by 19 publications

References 43 publications

Mouthpart dimorphism in male and female wasps of Vespula vulgaris and Vespula germanica (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)

Mouthpart dimorphism in male and female wasps of Vespula vulgaris and Vespula germanica (Vespidae, Hymenoptera)

Measuring proboscis length in Lepidoptera: a review

Sperm transfer through hyper-elongated beetle penises – morphology and theoretical approaches

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