Drinking water standards in South American countries: convergences and divergences

Pinto, Vivian Gemiliano; Heller, Léo; Bastos, Rafael Kopschitz Xavier

doi:10.2166/wh.2012.087

Cited by 16 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…The composition of bacterial populations in DWDS is strongly influenced by water quality, and especially by the nature and concentration of disinfectants ( Mathieu et al, 2009 ; Hwang et al, 2012 ; Pinto V.G. et al, 2012 ; Vaz-Moreira et al, 2013 ; Gomez-Alvarez et al, 2015 ).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Chlorine in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Impacts Bacterial Biodiversity in Biofilms

et al. 2018

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In drinking water distribution systems (DWDS), a disinfectant residual is usually applied to limit bacterial regrowth. However, delivering water with no or reduced chlorine residual could potentially decrease the selection for antimicrobial resistant microorganisms, favor bacterial regrowth and result in changes in bacterial populations. To evaluate the feasibility of water reduction in local DWDS while ensuring water safety, water quality was measured over 2 months in two different networks, each of them harboring sub-areas with normal and reduced chlorine. Water quality remained good in chlorine reduced samples, with limited development of total flora and absence of coliforms. Furthermore, 16S rRNA amplicon-based metagenomics was used to investigate the diversity and the composition of microbial communities in the sub-networks. Taxonomic classification of sequence reads showed a reduced bacterial diversity in sampling points with higher chlorine residuals. Chlorine disinfection created more homogeneous bacterial population, dominated by Pseudomonas, a genus that contains some major opportunistic pathogens such as P. aeruginosa. In the absence of chlorine, a larger and unknown biodiversity was unveiled, also highlighted by a decreased rate of taxonomic classification to the genus and species level. Overall, this experiment in a functional DWDS will facilitate the move toward potable water delivery systems without residual disinfectants and will improve water taste for consumers.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reduced Chlorine in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Impacts Bacterial Biodiversity in Biofilms

et al. 2018

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“…It is essential, then, to develop regulations relating to the analysis of pesticides in water in Colombia. The regulations in the legal frameworks of Brazil, Chile, Uruguay and Venezuela follow the guidelines of WHO, where there are specifications for each chemical group of pesticides (Pinto et al, 2012).…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of Ibagué, Colombia: threats to human health

et al. 2020

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Chemical contamination of the water supply system caused by anthropic activities can cause adverse health effects. This study determined the presence of toxic metals, organic substances, pesticides and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of the urban area of Ibague City. The economic and sanitary activities located in the 25 surface streams of the 32 water supply systems of the municipality were characterized. A total of 25 water samples were taken from the surface streams, and 35 samples in the water network of each drinking water service provider for the identification of pesticides (carbamates, organochlorines, organophosphorus), mercury, arsenic, cyanide, lead, cadmium, antimony, cobalt, selenium, silver, nickel and hydrocarbons. The presence of trihalomethanes was sampled after the treatment process given. A total of 775 economic and sanitary activities were detected in the surface streams of the water supply systems, highlighting the human settlements, agricultural and tourist activities impact on the water sources. Organochlorine pesticides (0.009-0.109 mg/L), mercury (0.001-0.004 mg/L) were identified in the water supply system in concentrations higher than those permitted by local regulation. Concentrations of trihalomethanes (0.064-1.260 mg/L) were detected in 68.7% of the water supply systems with treatment. The presence of chemical contaminants occurs mainly in communities with water supply systems of low complexity with high anthropic affectation. It is necessary to strengthen the assessment of hazards and risk by health surveillance, as well as intersectoral intervention for the protection of water sources and the improvement of water treatment technologies.

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“…Convergence was first introduced to describe the process of equalization of growth rates across regions (or countries), and much of the related discussions have been conducted to investigate convergence in economic growth [46][47][48]. Numerous scholars have investigated convergence in environmental indicators, such as resource consumption [37,[49][50][51], atmosphere pollutant emissions [52], CO 2 emissions [53][54][55][56], environmental quality [57,58], and ecological efficiency [41,[59][60][61]. The investigation of convergence in environmental variables is important from the perspective of compatibility between economic growth and environmental preservation in the long run and could provide useful information for the design of policies regarding the complex processes featured in the interactions between economic and ecological processes [48,62].…”

Section: Cross-city Convergence Analysismentioning

confidence: 99%

Cross-City Convergence in Urban Green Space Coverage in China

et al. 2019

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Cross-city convergence in green space coverage could contribute to our understanding of the law of motion of distribution dynamics of environmental sustainability across cities and provide crucial information for designing policies regarding complex processes relating to human-environment interactions in an urban system. The relationship between socioeconomic factors and green space coverage has been widely discussed, but research on the distribution dynamics of green space coverage across cities is limited. This paper explored the pattern of convergence in green space coverage of a group of 285 Chinese cities over the period of 2002-2012 by using hybrid approaches, including the nonparametric estimation technique, unconditional β-convergence model, and conditional β-convergence model. The results indicated that the green space coverage level in most cities has been substantially improved; the spatial disparity across Chinese cities has shrunk, and the level of green space coverage has converged to 104% of the average level. The β-convergence estimation results demonstrate the existence of unconditional and conditional convergence in green space coverage among Chinese cities, which indicates that cities with a low initial level of green space coverage grow faster than those with an initial high level. Faster sprawling, more compact and wealthier cities are likely to converge to a higher level of green space coverage. Expansion of the population and spatial scale of cities contributes to increasing green space coverage, sprawling of built-up area leads to a decrease of the green space coverage, and economic growth has little impact on green space coverage.

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Drinking water standards in South American countries: convergences and divergences

Cited by 16 publications

References 3 publications

Reduced Chlorine in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Impacts Bacterial Biodiversity in Biofilms

Reduced Chlorine in Drinking Water Distribution Systems Impacts Bacterial Biodiversity in Biofilms

Presence of pesticides, mercury and trihalomethanes in the water supply systems of Ibagué, Colombia: threats to human health

Cross-City Convergence in Urban Green Space Coverage in China

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