Drinking Water Quality and the Geospatial Distribution of Notified Gastro-Intestinal Infections / Kvaliteta Pitne Vode in Geoprostorska Porazdelitev Prijavljenih Črevesnih Okužb

Abstract

IntroductionEven brief episodes of fecal contamination of drinking water can lead directly to illness in the consumers. In water-borne outbreaks, the connection between poor microbial water quality and disease can be quickly identified. The impact of non-compliant drinking water samples due to E. coli taken for regular monitoring on the incidence of notified acute gastrointestinal infections has not yet been studied.MethodsThe objective of this study was to analyse the geographical distribution of notified acute gastrointestinal infections (AGI) in Slovenia in 2010, with hotspot identification. The second aim of the study was to correlate the fecal contamination of water supply system on the settlement level with the distribution of notified AGI cases. Spatial analysis using geo-information technology and other methods were used.ResultsHot spots with the highest proportion of notified AGI cases were mainly identified in areas with small supply zones. The risk for getting AGI was drinking water contaminated with E. coli from supply zones with 50–1000 users: RR was 1.25 and significantly greater than one (p-value less than 0.001).ConclusionThis study showed the correlation between the frequency of notified AGI cases and non-compliant results in drinking water monitoring.

Prevalence and risk factors for infection with Entamoeba histolytica/dispar/ moshkovskii complex in people living in the slightest and outermost islands of Indonesia

“…The occurrence of this negative correlation cannot be explained with certainty. However, water quality may be a factor in the high proportion of infections in the respondents with sufficient access to clean water, as where Grilc et al (2015) in their study, stated that microbiologically contaminated clean water has the potential to cause widespread disease outbreaks.…”

Microbial Contamination in Drinking Water Fountains and the Potential Risk Associated with Location and Cleanliness

“…S. aureus and Salmonella spp. are health-relevant pathogens that are capable of forming biofilms on different surfaces, including stainless steel, and are related to the occurrence of poisoning by the consumption of contaminated food or water (JUNGFER et al, 2013, GRILC et al, 2015. Biofilm formation also promotes other unfavorable conditions at drinking water fountains, including reduced flow through blocked tubes and corrosion of stainless steel (PARKAR et al, 2004).…”

“…• 402 • cedures from the treatment plant to the point of consumption (OMAR et al, 2017;VIEIRA, 2007). Post-provision contamination resulting from inadequate handling or storage of dispensed water, poor sanitation, and hygiene issues are all responsible for decline in water quality at the point of consumption, resulting in serious health consequences for users (ERCUMEN et al, 2015, GRILC et al, 2015.…”