Drinking water contributes to excessive iodine intake among children in Hebei, China

Lv, Shengmin; Wang, Y; D, Xu; Rutherford, Shannon; Zhang, Chong; Du, Yanliang; Jia, Lihui; Zhao, Jing

doi:10.1038/ejcn.2013.127

Cited by 20 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 7 publications

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“…This finding is consistent with other studies conducted in the HIAs in China [19,20]. These studies suggested that the population's iodine excess in the HIA was mainly caused by drinking water with high iodine content.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Impact of removing iodized salt on the iodine nutrition of children living in areas with variable iodine content in drinking water

Zhao²,

Li³

et al. 2014

Eur J Nutr

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 95%

Impact of removing iodized salt on the iodine nutrition of children living in areas with variable iodine content in drinking water

Zhao²,

Li³

et al. 2014

Eur J Nutr

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“…Before the mandatory USI this percentage was 24%-25% [23,24]. It has been shown that local or regional geographical variation of I in DW exists and can be important for the I intake of the population, especially in areas where DW is of groundwater origin, as in Denmark [3,21,25] or China [26,27]. As part of our previous study, the DW contribution to dietary I intake in Denmark was estimated to vary in different parts of the country from 0% to above 100% (adults) or 50% (adolescents) of the RNI [3].…”

Section: Iodinementioning

confidence: 98%

Exposure to Selected Geogenic Trace Elements (I, Li, and Sr) from Drinking Water in Denmark

Voutchkova

Schullehner

Knudsen³

et al. 2015

Geosciences

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The naturally occurring geogenic elements iodine (I), lithium (Li), and strontium (Sr) have a beneficial effect on human health. Iodine has an essential role in human metabolism while Li and Sr are used, respectively, as a treatment for various mental disorders and for post-menopausal osteoporosis. The aim here is to evaluate the potential for future epidemiological investigations in Denmark of lifelong and chronic exposure to low doses of these compounds. The drinking water data represents approximately 45% of the annual Danish groundwater abstraction for drinking water purposes, which supplies approximately 2.5 million persons. The spatial patterns were studied using inverse distance weighted interpolation and cluster analysis. The exposed population was estimated based OPEN ACCESSGeosciences 2015, 5 46 on two datasets: (1) population density in the smallest census unit, the parishes, and (2) geocoded addresses where at least one person is residing. We found significant spatial variation in the exposure for all three elements, related mainly to geochemical processes. This suggests a prospective opportunity for future epidemiological investigation of long-term effects of I, Li, and Sr, either alone or in combinations with other geogenic elements such as Ca, Mg or F.

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“…In some areas of China, drinking water with high levels of iodine has been reported and identified as the key contributor to iodine excess [19,20]. Such iodine-rich drinking water has also been found in Somalia [21], Saharawi [22] and Europe [23].…”

Section: Iodine: An Abundant and Easily Accessible Environmental Rmentioning

confidence: 99%

Iodine Excess as an Environmental Risk Factor for Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

Luo

Kawashima

Ishido

et al. 2014

IJMS

148

101

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The global effort to prevent iodine deficiency disorders through iodine supplementation, such as universal salt iodization, has achieved impressive progress during the last few decades. However, iodine excess, due to extensive environmental iodine exposure in addition to poor monitoring, is currently a more frequent occurrence than iodine deficiency. Iodine excess is a precipitating environmental factor in the development of autoimmune thyroid disease. Excessive amounts of iodide have been linked to the development of autoimmune thyroiditis in humans and animals, while intrathyroidal depletion of iodine prevents disease in animal strains susceptible to severe thyroiditis. Although the mechanisms by which iodide induces thyroiditis are still unclear, several mechanisms have been proposed: (1) excess iodine induces the production of cytokines and chemokines that can recruit immunocompetent cells to the thyroid; (2) processing excess iodine in thyroid epithelial cells may result in elevated levels of oxidative stress, leading to harmful lipid oxidation and thyroid tissue injuries; and (3) iodine incorporation in the protein chain of thyroglobulin may augment the antigenicity of this molecule. This review will summarize the current knowledge regarding excess iodide as an environmental toxicant and relate it to the development of autoimmune thyroid disease.

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Drinking water contributes to excessive iodine intake among children in Hebei, China

Abstract: Iodine in drinking water was identified to be the key contributor to this excessive iodine in children indicating that in these areas, intervention should focus on providing alternative drinking water supplies.

Cited by 20 publications

References 7 publications

Impact of removing iodized salt on the iodine nutrition of children living in areas with variable iodine content in drinking water

Impact of removing iodized salt on the iodine nutrition of children living in areas with variable iodine content in drinking water

Exposure to Selected Geogenic Trace Elements (I, Li, and Sr) from Drinking Water in Denmark

Iodine Excess as an Environmental Risk Factor for Autoimmune Thyroid Disease

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