“…Additionally, craving, as a conscious expression of desire directed toward the use a substance (Tiffany & Wray, 2012), is a key factor when studying patterns of substance use and trajectory in care (Morgenstern, DiFranza, Wellman, Sargent, & Hanewinkel, 2016;Witkiewitz, 2011). Alcohol urges are known to take a variety of form and intensity, and are particularly unpredictable for the user (Kvamme, Asplund, & Bjerke, 2015). The most intense experiences of craving can overwhelm any intention to change (Bradshaw, Shumway, Wang, & Harris, 2014;Browne, Wray, Stappenbeck, Krenek, & Simpson, 2016).…”