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Still images captured using mobile phone cameras have been shown to be very useful for bit forensics purposes. However, since still images can only capture views at certain viewing angles, they often provide insufficient information on each cutter's diamond table and substrate. Videos solve the problem of lack of view angles. This paper demonstrates how a video captured on a phone can provide additional bit information benefiting forensics, and provides recommendations for capturing videos to maximize information content. Bit forensics as well as the future IADC dull grading system require meticulous data collection for various drill bit regions, including critical information such as blade numbers and cutter locations. To automate this process, this paper introduces a multi-stage approach using bit videos. Initially, a detection model is employed to accurately locate the drill bit within the video. Next, computer vision algorithms are utilized to segment the different blades. Spatial geometry algorithms are then applied to reconstruct the camera trajectory, which aids in estimating the blade numbers. Finally, each cutter within the segmented blades is further segmented into different regions. This study explores the utilization of videos for the automated location segmentation of drill bits, a crucial aspect of the revised IADC dull grading system currently being proposed. The videos capture the entire drill bit from multiple angles, encompassing top-down views and a full 360-degree rotation. The IADC dull grading system necessitates the precise recording of position information including blade numbers, pocket numbers, and bit zones. By employing videos instead of still images, this study demonstrates that spatial geometric information of the drill bit can be obtained more completely and efficiently. Given a video that conforms to established shooting standards, the proposed automatic position calculation algorithm efficiently completes the segmentation of different parts of the drill bit and labels them in accordance with the relevant standards. Notably, video capturing offers several advantages over still photography; it obviates the need for complex training for operators, only necessitating adherence to basic camera trajectory guidelines, and substantially reduces the time needed to collect such data. Importantly, the location segmentation algorithm employed in this study is capable of running in real-time, thereby streamlining and accelerating the IADC dull grading and bit forensics processes. This paper introduces a novel video-based algorithm for drill bit segmentation. The algorithm automatically segments and labels various components of the drill bit as per established criteria, generating comprehensive data vital for damage analysis. By employing this algorithm, videos of PDC drill bits can be processed with remarkable speed and accuracy. This represents a substantial advancement in data collection methods, with implications for improving the quality of bit damage assessment.
Still images captured using mobile phone cameras have been shown to be very useful for bit forensics purposes. However, since still images can only capture views at certain viewing angles, they often provide insufficient information on each cutter's diamond table and substrate. Videos solve the problem of lack of view angles. This paper demonstrates how a video captured on a phone can provide additional bit information benefiting forensics, and provides recommendations for capturing videos to maximize information content. Bit forensics as well as the future IADC dull grading system require meticulous data collection for various drill bit regions, including critical information such as blade numbers and cutter locations. To automate this process, this paper introduces a multi-stage approach using bit videos. Initially, a detection model is employed to accurately locate the drill bit within the video. Next, computer vision algorithms are utilized to segment the different blades. Spatial geometry algorithms are then applied to reconstruct the camera trajectory, which aids in estimating the blade numbers. Finally, each cutter within the segmented blades is further segmented into different regions. This study explores the utilization of videos for the automated location segmentation of drill bits, a crucial aspect of the revised IADC dull grading system currently being proposed. The videos capture the entire drill bit from multiple angles, encompassing top-down views and a full 360-degree rotation. The IADC dull grading system necessitates the precise recording of position information including blade numbers, pocket numbers, and bit zones. By employing videos instead of still images, this study demonstrates that spatial geometric information of the drill bit can be obtained more completely and efficiently. Given a video that conforms to established shooting standards, the proposed automatic position calculation algorithm efficiently completes the segmentation of different parts of the drill bit and labels them in accordance with the relevant standards. Notably, video capturing offers several advantages over still photography; it obviates the need for complex training for operators, only necessitating adherence to basic camera trajectory guidelines, and substantially reduces the time needed to collect such data. Importantly, the location segmentation algorithm employed in this study is capable of running in real-time, thereby streamlining and accelerating the IADC dull grading and bit forensics processes. This paper introduces a novel video-based algorithm for drill bit segmentation. The algorithm automatically segments and labels various components of the drill bit as per established criteria, generating comprehensive data vital for damage analysis. By employing this algorithm, videos of PDC drill bits can be processed with remarkable speed and accuracy. This represents a substantial advancement in data collection methods, with implications for improving the quality of bit damage assessment.
Summary One of the major advances in polycrystalline diamond compact (PDC) bits in the last 10 years is the global adoption of 3D-shaped PDC cutters. By manipulating the cutter shape based on the understandings of cutter–rock interaction mechanisms, the cutting efficiency and mechanical properties of PDC cutters have been greatly improved. Ongoing innovations in 3D-shaped PDC cutter technology are critical to overcoming the more and more challenging formations in ultradeep wells, such as the 10 000-m-deep wells being drilled in China. Such an important role for 3D-shaped PDC cutters in oil and gas drilling applications necessitates a complete and effective failure analysis method. However, the current International Association of Drilling Contractors (IADC) dull grading cannot fulfill this objective. It is out of date in judging the damages to PDC bits and exhibits more limitations in addressing the unique challenges presented by complicated cutter shapes. To address this issue, an intelligent recognition model for PDC bit damage identification was developed based on the image analysis technology and the YOLOv7 algorithm. More than 10,000 dull bit images were used to train and validate this intelligent recognition model, which were collected from 363 PDC bits that suffered different degrees of damage after being used to drill 185 wells in the Sinopec Shengli Oilfield. Compared to the existing models, the developed intelligent recognition model has several notable contributions. First, the developed model is capable of recognizing the damages of various shaped PDC cutters commonly used by the global bit manufacturers, enabling a more accurate assessment of the failure behaviors of shaped cutters and their bits. The detection accuracy of the developed model exceeds 80% based on the confusion matrix. The recognition results by the developed artificial intelligence (AI) model are consistent with the actual failure modes judged by experienced drilling engineers. Second, the developed AI model provides direct qualitative identification of the failure modes and failure reasons for both cutters and PDC bits rather than the quantitative evaluation of the missing diamond layer used by IADC dull grading. Furthermore, the developed model eliminates the effect of reclaimed cutters on the AI detection results based on the implicit use of spatial cues in the YOLOv7 algorithm. The intelligent recognition model developed in this work can provide reliable and valuable guidance for the post-run evaluation, the bit selection for the next run, and the iterative optimization of bit design.
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