Driftwood: Risk Analysis and Engineering Measures

Schmocker, Lukas; Weitbrecht, Volker

doi:10.1061/(asce)hy.1943-7900.0000728

Cited by 92 publications

(71 citation statements)

References 32 publications

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“…The interaction between wood and bridges during floods has also been investigated (Schmocker and Weitbrecht, 2013). Only recently, laboratory experiments have been used to investigate the interaction between large wood and river morphology, relating bed forms and sediment dynamics with wood dispersal Bertoldi et al, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical modelling of the combined effect of vegetation and wood on river morphology

et al. 2015

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The research reported in this paper employs flume experiments to investigate the potential effects of living vegetation and large wood on river morphology, specifically aiming to explore how different wood input and vegetation scenarios impact channel patterns and dynamics.We used a mobile bed laboratory flume, divided into three parallel channels (1.7 m wide, 10 m long) filled with uniform sand to reproduce braided networks subject to a series of cycles of flooding, wood input, and vegetation growth. Temporal evolution of river configuration (in terms of the braiding index), vegetation establishment and erosion, and wood deposition amount and pattern was recorded in a series of vertical images. The experiments reproduced many forms and processes that have been observed in the field, from scattered logs in unvegetated, dynamic braided channels, to large wood jams associated with river bars and bends in vegetated, stable, single thread rivers. Results showed that the inclusion of vegetation in the experiments changes wood dynamics, in terms of both the quantity that is stored and the depositional patterns that develop. Vegetated banks increased channel stability, reducing lateral erosion and the number of active channels. This promoted the formation of stable wood jams, where logs accumulated continuously at the same locations during subsequent floods, reinforcing their effect on river morphology. The feasibility of studying these processes in a controlled environment opens new possibilities for disentangling the complex linkages in the biogeomorphological evolution of the fluvial system and thus for promoting improved scientific understanding.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Physical modelling of the combined effect of vegetation and wood on river morphology

et al. 2015

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“…As already pointed out by Rimböck (2004) and Lange and Bezzola (2006), the efficiency of wood-trapping structures is strongly augmented when the sediment and the wood phases are kept separated in space, typically by using more than one structure. Indeed, recent approaches tested in flume experiments consist in spatially separating the wood and sediment retention functions and, ideally, also the outlet structure for a controlled flood discharge (Schmocker and Weitbrecht, 2013;Friedl and Weitbrecht, 2014). These concepts were found to have a better performance for flood hazard reduction than traditional concepts for wood retention.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Large wood recruitment and transport during large floods: A review

2016

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“…Upstream flow constrictions at bridges and culverts and ineffective energy dissipation downstream may endanger these structures due to scour or sedimentation and clogging with debris upstream (Richardson et al 2001;Gschnitzer et al 2017;Schmocker and Weitbrecht 2013). Downstream scour and high flow velocity through these structures may block fish passage and decrease habitat for the aquatic insect community (Blakely et al 2006;Anderson et al 2012) Wider spans that, at a minimum, are sized to bankfull flow width and proper placement and alignment of bridges away from actively migrating reaches of a channel reduces scour potential.…”

Section: Riverine Infrastructure Management Challenges Management Solmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…As an example, the "Stream Simulation" approach for designing road-stream crossings restores geomorphic and ecological function, provides aquatic organism passage, and improves infrastructure flood resiliency (Cenderelli et al 2011;Gillespie et al 2014). Driftwood bypass or retention structures can be another effective way to decrease blockage at stream crossings (Schmocker and Weitbrecht 2013) Streamside infrastructure Pipelines carrying water, waste water, fossil fuels, and hazardous chemicals cross or parallel streams Pipelines can become exposed by gradual or abrupt stream movement and then subjected to hydraulic forces and debris racking during floods leading to ruptures and risks to aquatic and habitat and species (Castro et al 2015) Appropriate lateral setbacks and vertical burial depths for new pipelines are necessary to mitigate the potential for pipeline exposure and rupture. Event-based scour and long-term channel incision along with lateral migration should be evaluated by a fluvial geomorphologist (NRCS 2007b; PHMSA 2016) Levees, embankments, and dikes have been constructed to protect agriculture and development in otherwise flood-prone areas By reducing the hydrologic connection with the floodplain, levees increase flood levels elsewhere, increase stream velocity, and reduce available floodplain and riparian habitat.…”

Section: Riverine Infrastructure Management Challenges Management Solmentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Infrastructure in the Stream Environment

Sholtes

Ubing

Randle

et al. 2018

J American Water Resour Assoc

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Riverine infrastructure provides essential services for the operation and development of the world's nations and their economies. When much of this infrastructure was built in the United States, fluvial processes and stream ecology were not well understood, putting it in conflict with and at risk from the stream environment. High maintenance costs are often required to keep such infrastructure viable and some of it has led to the degradation of aquatic and riparian ecosystems. This commentary paper lays the foundation for infrastructure designers and managers to build and manage infrastructure in a manner both resilient to riverine hazards and more compatible with aquatic and riparian ecosystem needs. We introduce fundamental fluvial geomorphic and ecosystem concepts and provide a decision‐making framework to replace or repair existing infrastructure or build new infrastructure. Common management challenges associated with 11 riverine infrastructure types are discussed and we provide suggestions on how each infrastructure type can be better built and managed within stream corridors. We close with a discussion on managing infrastructure under future hydrologic uncertainty and in response to natural disasters.

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Driftwood: Risk Analysis and Engineering Measures

Cited by 92 publications

References 32 publications

Physical modelling of the combined effect of vegetation and wood on river morphology

Physical modelling of the combined effect of vegetation and wood on river morphology

Large wood recruitment and transport during large floods: A review

Managing Infrastructure in the Stream Environment

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