DRIFTS and UV–vis DRS study of valeric acid ketonization mechanism over ZrO2 in hydrogen atmosphere

Kinetics of Valeric Acid Ketonization and Ketenization in Catalytic Pyrolysis on Nanosized SiO2, γ‐Al2O3, CeO2/SiO2, Al2O3/SiO2 and TiO2/SiO2

“…Ultrafine particles and nanoparticles of metal oxides have been reported to be particularly useful heterogeneous catalysts for the pyrolytic conversion of aliphatic and cinnamic carboxylic acids . A number of useful thermal transformations for biomass conversion have been reported to proceed on the oxide surfaces, for example—decarboxylation, ketenization and ketonization . In this sense, the identification of reaction products and an understanding of the mechanisms of thermal decomposition of VA on the surface of potential catalysts are essential for the development of alternative routes to utilize the derivatives of cellulosic biomass.…”

“…Studies focused on the ketonization of carboxylic acids on the surface of different heterogeneous catalysts have attracted much attention during recent years . The advances in determining the ketonization reaction mechanisms occurring on the surfaces of various heterogeneous catalysts have recently been summarized in two reviews by Pacchioni and Pham et al .…”

“…Ultrafine particles and nanoparticles of metalo xides have been reported to be particularly usefulh eterogeneousc atalysts for the pyrolytic conversion of aliphatic and cinnamic carboxylic acids. [21][22][23][24][25][26][27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36][37][38][39][40] An umber of useful thermalt ransformationsf or biomass conversion have been reported to proceed on the oxide surfaces, fore xam-Valeric acid is an important renewable platform chemical that can be produced efficiently from lignocellulosicb iomass. Upgradingo fv aleric acid by catalytic pyrolysis has the potential to produce value added biofuelsa nd chemicals on an industrial scale.…”

“…ple-decarboxylation, [37][38][39][40] ketenization [21][22][23][24][25][26] and ketonization. [16,[27][28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36] In this sense,t he identification of reaction products and an understanding of the mechanismso ft hermald ecom-positionofV Aonthe surface of potential catalysts are essential for the development of alternative routes to utilize the derivatives of cellulosic biomass.…”

“…Studies focused on the ketonization of carboxylic acids on the surfaceo fd ifferent heterogeneous catalysts have attracted much attention during recent years. [16,28,29,33,34,36] The advances in determining the ketonization reaction mechanisms occurring on the surfaces of varioush eterogeneousc atalysts have recentlyb een summarized in two reviews by Pacchioni [36] and Pham et al [16] At present,t he mechanism involving a b-keto acid as an intermediate seems to be the most plausible. [16,29,36] However,t he alternative concerted mechanism cannot be disregarded.…”