“…However, due to lack of appropriate closure models describing all relevant phenomena and good numerical robustness for geometrically complex systems, applying twofluid model to the engineering filed is very difficult now. It was noteworthy that within a certain operating range, the drift flux model predictions of the 2-D conventional scale channel were in good agreement with the experimental results (Rassame and Hibiki, 2018;Wei et al, 2018). And the empirical correlations of drift flow velocities and distribution parameters for different flow patterns in many drift flow models are available not only for conventional scale vertical channel (Hibiki and Ishii, 2003;Mei et al, 2018) but also for the horizontal flow of small channels (Bhagwat and Ghajar, 2014;Ran et al, 2018;Rassame and Hibiki, 2018).…”
The plate OTSG (once-through steam generator) with channel diameter of 1-3 mm has high volume-power ratio and powerful resistance to high temperature and high pressure. It can well satisfy the needs of high heat transfer performance and good security of integrated pressure vessel in nuclear power. Heat transfer characteristics of flow boiling in the channel have aroused increasing concerns from scholars in this field. In this paper, based on the experimental results achieved by the researcher in our team, the drift flux model is applied to simulate the flow boiling heat transfer coefficients in the rectangular channel with equivalent diameter of 1.7 mm to further explore the flow boiling mechanism in the channel. The drift velocities and the distribution parameters of drift flux model are obtained by the empirical correlations of the horizontal flow. The simulation boundary conditions comply to the experimental conditions, the simulation resolutions are obtained by using STAR-CCM+. The simulation results indicate that the heat transfer coefficients trends along the flow direction are consistent with the trends of the experimental data. The drift velocities and the distribution parameters have little effect on the heat transfer coefficients of the horizontal small channel. When the drift velocity is 0 and the distribution parameter is 1, compared with the experimental data, the heat transfer coefficients in the single-phase liquid convective heat transfer region of the flow at high pressure are well higher, while those in the region that from bobble flow to the slug flow of the flow increase, even though they are still lower in annular flow region. The error between the predicted and the experimental is from −50 to +50%. Similarly, the model predicted heat transfer coefficients during subcooled flow boiling at low pressure are generally lower than experimental data. And the error between the predicted and the experimental is from −60 to +10%.
“…However, due to lack of appropriate closure models describing all relevant phenomena and good numerical robustness for geometrically complex systems, applying twofluid model to the engineering filed is very difficult now. It was noteworthy that within a certain operating range, the drift flux model predictions of the 2-D conventional scale channel were in good agreement with the experimental results (Rassame and Hibiki, 2018;Wei et al, 2018). And the empirical correlations of drift flow velocities and distribution parameters for different flow patterns in many drift flow models are available not only for conventional scale vertical channel (Hibiki and Ishii, 2003;Mei et al, 2018) but also for the horizontal flow of small channels (Bhagwat and Ghajar, 2014;Ran et al, 2018;Rassame and Hibiki, 2018).…”
The plate OTSG (once-through steam generator) with channel diameter of 1-3 mm has high volume-power ratio and powerful resistance to high temperature and high pressure. It can well satisfy the needs of high heat transfer performance and good security of integrated pressure vessel in nuclear power. Heat transfer characteristics of flow boiling in the channel have aroused increasing concerns from scholars in this field. In this paper, based on the experimental results achieved by the researcher in our team, the drift flux model is applied to simulate the flow boiling heat transfer coefficients in the rectangular channel with equivalent diameter of 1.7 mm to further explore the flow boiling mechanism in the channel. The drift velocities and the distribution parameters of drift flux model are obtained by the empirical correlations of the horizontal flow. The simulation boundary conditions comply to the experimental conditions, the simulation resolutions are obtained by using STAR-CCM+. The simulation results indicate that the heat transfer coefficients trends along the flow direction are consistent with the trends of the experimental data. The drift velocities and the distribution parameters have little effect on the heat transfer coefficients of the horizontal small channel. When the drift velocity is 0 and the distribution parameter is 1, compared with the experimental data, the heat transfer coefficients in the single-phase liquid convective heat transfer region of the flow at high pressure are well higher, while those in the region that from bobble flow to the slug flow of the flow increase, even though they are still lower in annular flow region. The error between the predicted and the experimental is from −50 to +50%. Similarly, the model predicted heat transfer coefficients during subcooled flow boiling at low pressure are generally lower than experimental data. And the error between the predicted and the experimental is from −60 to +10%.
“…Figure 5 compares the drift-flux correlation, Eqs. (33) and (34), with the data taken in horizontal channels (Rassame and Hibiki, 2018). Equations (33) and (34) have been validated by the data taken for adiabatic air-water and air-kerosene flows in horizontal channels.…”
Section: Horizontal Two-phase Flow In a Circular Channelmentioning
confidence: 86%
“…The flow regime transition criteria for horizontal two-phase flow are rather complicated because the flow regime for horizontal gas-liquid two-phase flow is susceptible to inlet conditions and developing length. Because the flow regime transition criteria for horizontal two-phase flow have not been well-developed (Barnea et al, 1980), a general drift-flux correlation applicable to the full-range of the void fraction has been developed by Rassame and Hibiki (2018). The buoyancy force acting on the gas phase is perpendicular to the flow direction resulting in no relative velocity or drift velocity along the flow direction.…”
Section: Horizontal Two-phase Flow In a Circular Channelmentioning
The drift-flux parameters such as distribution parameter and drift velocity are critical parameters in the one-dimensional two-fluid model used in nuclear thermal-hydraulic system analysis codes. These parameters affect the drag force acting on the gas phase. The accurate prediction of the drift-flux parameters is indispensable to the accurate prediction of the void fraction. Because of this, the current paper conducted a state-of-the-art review on one-dimensional drift-flux correlations for various flow channel geometries and flow orientations. The essential conclusions were: (1) a channel geometry affected the distribution parameter, (2) a boundary condition (adiabatic or diabatic) affected the distribution parameter in a bubbly flow, (3) the drift velocity for a horizontal channel could be approximated to be zero, and (4) the distribution parameter developed for a circular channel was not a good approximation to calculate the distribution parameter for a sub-channel of the rod bundle. In addition to the above, the review covered a newly proposed concept of the two-group drift-flux model to provide the constitutive equation to close the modified gas mixture momentum equation of the two-fluid model mathematically. The review was also extended to the existing drift-flux correlations applicable to a full range of void fraction (Chexel-Lellouche correlation and Bhagwat-Ghajar correlation).
“…Non-exclusiveness refers to the inability to consume consumer behavior, or the high cost of charging, so that people can consume a certain commodity without paying the price. Public goods are offered to people at zero marginal cost, and no one is excluded from consumption [4] .…”
In recent years, due to the ecological quality requirements and environmental capacity constraints of the economically developed provinces in the southeastern coastal areas, the transformation of traditional energy cooperation methods into new energy cooperation modes has been promoted. In the process of inter-provincial energy cooperation, the target of cooperation shifts from primary energy to secondary energy, and the carbon emissions in the energy processing process are mainly left in the energy export province. Today, in the control of total energy consumption, carbon emission rights are closely related to regional development rights. Traditional horizontal ecological compensation has not covered compensation for carbon emissions. Research on this has far-reaching significance. This paper takes the carbon compensation framework and the carbon emissions generated in the energy cooperation as the research object, and discusses the carbon emissions generated by the energy export provinces and energy input provinces under different energy cooperation forms.
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