Drift compensation in larval European fire salamanders, Salamandra salamandra (Amphibia: Urodela)?

Veith, Michael; Baubkus, Mark; Kugel, Simone; Kulpa, Caren; Reifenrath, Tanja; Schafft, Malwina; Wagner, Norman

doi:10.1007/s10750-018-3820-8

Cited by 8 publications

(39 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…2013; and salamander larvae, Segev and Blaustein 2014, Veith et al. 2019). For instance, in Arizona, the indigenous Sonoran topminnow Poeciliopsis occidentalis is more able to withstand flooding displacement than the exogenous mosquitofish Gambusia affinis , suggesting that the Sonoran topminnow has adapted to periodic flooding (Meffe 1984).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Flooding is a severe climate event that can impact aquatic organisms by causing serious declines in physiological condition (Natsumeda 2003;Jones and Sievert 2009), as well as injury (Jones and Sievert 2009) and extensive mortality (Seegrist and Gard 1972;Hanson and Waters 1974;Erman et al 1988;Spink and Rogers 1996;Jensen and Johnsen 1999;Weese et al 2011). In rivers, flooding can also lead to downstream displacement (Harvey 1987;Jones and Sievert 2009;Pearse et al 2009;Veith et al 2019). In this study, we define downstream displacement as a nonlethal process through which individuals are forced to emigrate from their home river section.…”

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confidence: 99%

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Morphological evolution reduces downstream displacement in juvenile landlocked salmon

Yamada

Wada

2021

Evolution

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Severe flooding often leads to downstream displacement of aquatic animals. Despite this, many salmonid populations persist in habitats located upstream of tall barriers, such as artificial check dams and/or natural waterfalls, that completely block fishes from returning to the upstream areas after flooding. The evolution of such populations may be affected by spatial sorting due to differential rates of downstream displacement. This study examined whether a morphological trait (increased body depth) that allows individuals to better maintain their position during flooding has evolved in juvenile amago salmon Oncorhynchus masou ishikawae inhabiting above-barrier habitats in two rivers. In both rivers, juveniles collected at the stations with multiple downstream barriers had deeper bodies than those collected at other stations. Similar differences were found in juveniles reared in a common-garden experiment. Field experiments with natural flooding also indicated that deep bodies help juveniles resist downstream displacement. These results consistently suggest that juveniles in some above-barrier habitats have evolved deep bodies to resist downstream displacement due to flooding. Our study is the first to show the evolutionary outcomes of passive spatial sorting during severe climate events.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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confidence: 99%

Morphological evolution reduces downstream displacement in juvenile landlocked salmon

Yamada

Wada

2021

Evolution

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“…This larval stage, and the need of larviparous females to move into rivers (and other aquatic systems) to deposit offspring, likely create more opportunities for larviparous individuals to cross rivers. Both streams and rivers are associated with downstream larval drift in S. salamandra (Reinhardt et al, 2018;Veith et al, 2019) and the strong water current and drifting objects in both streams and rivers, together with the presence of predators, may cause high mortality rates (Segev and Blaustein, 2014;Reinhardt et al, 2018;Wagner et al, 2020). However, considering that only a relatively small number of immigrants are required to prevent population genetic differentiation due to genetic drift (Lowe and Allendorf, 2010), it is plausible that even a small proportion of successful dispersal events across rivers may minimize their barrier effects, even when re salamander populations often present high densities (and potentially large effective population sizes; Velo-Antón and .…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…River width was also suggested as a determinant factor in shaping patterns of gene ow for an Amazonia frog (Adenomera andreae) by Fouquet et al, (2012) because the authors observed that populations of this species were more genetically differentiated in sections where the studied river was wider. Contrarily, in narrower rivers with low water-ow velocities, larvae (or adults) of S. salamandra may be able to actively resist the entrance on the current (Segev and Blaustein, 2014) or to actively move against it (Veith et al, 2019).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Riverine barriers to gene flow in a salamander with both aquatic and terrestrial reproduction

2021

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The riverine barrier hypothesis (RBH) posits that rivers comprise geographical barriers to gene ow for terrestrial organisms, thus promoting genetic differentiation between populations. Here, we explored the RBH on larviparous and pueriparous populations of the live-bearing re salamander (Salamandra salamandra). While larviparous re salamanders exhibit a semi-aquatic life cycle (females deposit pre-metamorphic larvae on water), pueriparous salamanders present a fully terrestrial life cycle (females deliver terrestrial juveniles) and, therefore, a greater independence from water for survival and reproduction. We performed a ne-scale sampling of opposite transects in 11 rivers (six and ve for larviparous and pueriparous populations, respectively) to test the hypothesis that rivers are more effective barriers for pueriparous salamanders due to their fully terrestrial life cycle. We carried out individual-and population-based genetic analyses using 14 microsatellites and a mitochondrial marker to examine the extent to which rivers hinder short-and long-term gene ow. We found that rivers are semi-permeable obstacles for both larviparous and pueriparous populations, although they appear to be more effective barriers for the latter when rivers with similar attributes are compared. We also found that river width and possibly the presence of crossing structures may in uence the genetic barrier effects of rivers in re salamanders. This is one of the very few studies in amphibians showing how different reproductive strategies in uence the barrier effects imposed by rivers.

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“…Within creeks they are mainly found in areas with low ow velocity 17 . In addition, they show positive rheotaxis and move actively upstream 19 . However, such upstream movements are rare.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Near-natural Experiment on Factors Influencing Larval Drift in Salamandra Salamandra

Schafft

Wagner

Schuetz

et al. 2021

Preprint

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The larval stage of the European fire salamander (Salamandra salamandra) inhabits both lentic and lotic habitats. In the latter, they are constantly exposed to unidirectional water flow, which has been shown to cause downstream drift in a variety of taxa. In this study, an artificial stream was used to examine the individual movement patterns of marked larval fire salamanders exposed to unidirectional flow with simulated flood events. Movements were tracked by marking the larvae with VIAlpha tags individually and by using downstream and upstream traps. Most individuals showed stationarity, while downstream drift dominated the overall movement pattern. Upstream movements were rare and occurred only on small distances of about 30 cm; downstream drift distances exceeded 10 m (until next downstream trap). The simulated flood events increased drift rates significantly, even days after the flood simulation experiments. Drift probability increased with decreasing body size and decreasing nutritional status.

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Drift compensation in larval European fire salamanders, Salamandra salamandra (Amphibia: Urodela)?

Cited by 8 publications

References 43 publications

Morphological evolution reduces downstream displacement in juvenile landlocked salmon

Morphological evolution reduces downstream displacement in juvenile landlocked salmon

Riverine barriers to gene flow in a salamander with both aquatic and terrestrial reproduction

A Near-natural Experiment on Factors Influencing Larval Drift in Salamandra Salamandra

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