Dried urine and salivary profiling for complete assessment of cortisol and cortisol metabolites

Newman, Mark; Curran, Desmond A.; Mayfield, Bryan P.

doi:10.1016/j.jcte.2020.100243

Cited by 6 publications

(14 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Still, agreement between 24-h urine collections and early-morning, single spot urine collections for hormonal analysis are often poor [ 28 ]. This study now extends our prior findings [ 11 , 14 ] to show that the increase to four spot urines spaced throughout the waking hours provides better coverage of the hormonal output for all the male and female reproductive hormones and metabolites, resulting in strong agreement with 24-h urine measures.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

“…In fact, repeated assessments over a month demonstrated that the dried urine collections could accurately recreate the changes observed in serum during the menstrual cycle [ 11 ]. In addition, not only does the 4-spot urine method accurately represent a 24-h urine collection for urinary cortisol, cortisone, and cortisol metabolites, but it can also be used to represent the expected diurnal pattern observed with salivary measures, if each of the four collections is considered individually [ 14 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…A subset of these individuals (n = 18) had data available to compare measures from dried versus liquid urine. As cortisol and cortisol metabolites [ 14 ] and ⍺ and β-pregnanediol [ 11 ] were validated in previous analyses, only the following hormones were included in this analysis: estrone (E1), estradiol (E2), estriol (E3), 2-hydroxyestrone (2OHE1), 2-hydroxyestradiol (2OHE2), 4-hydroxyestrone (4OHE1), 16-hydroxyestrone (16OHE1), 2-methoxyestrone (2-methoxyE1), testosterone (T), epitestosterone (EpiT), 5⍺- dihydrotestosterone (DHT), androsterone, etiocholanolone, 5⍺-androstanediol, 5β-androstanediol, dehydroepiandrosterone (DHEA), and 6-hydroxymelatoninsulfate. The data were collected between February and November of 2015 and informed consent was obtained from all participants.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Collection of urine on filter paper, which can then be dried and stored at room temperature until received by the laboratory [ 11 – 13 ], offers a significant advance in patient convenience and may improve patient adherence. If multiple samples are collected throughout the day, there is potential to capture both the diurnal variation of hormones along with the full range of daily hormonal production [ 11 , 14 ]. Our prior proof-of-concept papers have demonstrated that dried urine leads to equivalent measures as liquid urine in our hands for cortisol, cortisone, and the cortisol metabolites, ⍺-tetrahydrocortisol, β-tetrahydrocortisol, and tetrahydrocortisone [ 14 ] as well as for estrone, estradiol, ⍺-pregnanediol, and β-pregnanediol [ 11 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…If multiple samples are collected throughout the day, there is potential to capture both the diurnal variation of hormones along with the full range of daily hormonal production [ 11 , 14 ]. Our prior proof-of-concept papers have demonstrated that dried urine leads to equivalent measures as liquid urine in our hands for cortisol, cortisone, and the cortisol metabolites, ⍺-tetrahydrocortisol, β-tetrahydrocortisol, and tetrahydrocortisone [ 14 ] as well as for estrone, estradiol, ⍺-pregnanediol, and β-pregnanediol [ 11 ]. Others have found similar results between liquid and dried urine with organic acids [ 12 , 15 , 16 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability of a dried urine test for comprehensive assessment of urine hormones and metabolites

Newman¹,

Curran²

2021

BMC Chemistry

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Background Mass spectrometry allows for analysis of multiple hormone and organic acid metabolites from small urine volumes; however, to assess the full extent of daily hormone production, 24-h urine collections are usually required. The aims of this study were, first, to confirm that mass spectrometric analysis of an array of hormones and organic acids would yield similar results in both liquid and dried urine, and, second, to determine if collection of four dried spot urine samples could be substituted for a 24-h collection when measuring reproductive hormones. Methods Two study populations were included in this prospective observational study. Twenty individuals collected both a spot liquid urine and dried urine on filter paper to analyze eight organic acids. A second group of 26 individuals collected both a 24-h urine and four dried spot urines during waking hours throughout the same day for evaluation of 17 reproductive hormones and metabolites; data from 18 of these individuals were available to compare liquid versus dried urine results. Dried urine was extracted, hydrolyzed, and derivatized before analysis by mass spectrometry; all analytes from dried urine were normalized to urine creatinine. Results Reproductive hormone results from dried and liquid urine were in excellent agreement with intraclass correlation coefficients (ICCs) greater than 0.90; comparison of dried to liquid urine for organic acids showed good to excellent agreement (ICC range: 0.75 to 0.99). Comparison between the 4-spot urine collection and 24-h urine collection methods showed excellent agreement (ICC > 0.9) for 14 of the 17 urine metabolites and good agreement for the others (ICC 0.78 to 0.85) with no systematic differences between the two methods of collection. Conclusions The burden of urine collection can be reduced using collection of four spot dried urines on filter paper without compromising comparability with hormone results from a 24-h urine collection. A large number of urine analytes can be assessed from the dried urine with similar results to those from liquid urine. Given the ease of sample handling, this 4-spot dried urine assay would be useful for both clinical assessment of patients and for large epidemiologic studies.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 83%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Reliability of a dried urine test for comprehensive assessment of urine hormones and metabolites

Newman¹,

Curran²

2021

BMC Chemistry

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Dried blood spot as an alternative sample for screening of fatty acid, amino acid, and keto acid metabolism in humans

Laštovičková

Kopčil

Kanďár

2022

Biomedical Chromatography

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Dried blood spot (DBS) is a simple and noninvasive sample collection technique allowing self‐collection at home. It can be used as an alternative sample for the screening of metabolism in humans because changes in the levels of some fatty acids (FAs), amino acids (AAs), and keto acids (KAs) can be associated with metabolic disorders (e.g., diabetes mellitus). In this study, we optimized three different methods that are sensitive enough for the determination of the aforementioned analytes from a small volume of biological material in DBS. A total of 20 AAs, 5 KAs, and 24 FAs were determined. This sampling technique was applied to prepare samples from 60 individuals by a finger prick. The samples were analyzed using chromatographic methods, and acquired data were statistically evaluated. Even though most analytes were higher in men, only five AAs, three KAs, and eight FAs showed significant gender dependency (α = 0.05). Asparagine, serine, and α‐ and γ‐linolenic acids showed significant age dependency (α = 0.05). Most statistically significant correlations were positive and were found within one category. This work shows that because of many benefits, the DBS sample could be a good alternative to whole blood sample collection for the screening of metabolism in humans, in general, or in individualized medicine. The chromatographic methods can be used in future research, for example, to set the reference range or plasma‐correction factors (various aspects such as age or gender should be considered).

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Urinary Androgens Provide Additional Evidence Related to Metabolism and Are Correlated With Serum Androgens in Girls

Scott,

Siguencia,

Stanczyk

et al. 2024

Journal of the Endocrine Society

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Context Androgen levels are generally measured in serum samples, but urine may be a more feasible option, especially in children, as it is a noninvasive alternative. Objective To assess the correlations of 10 urinary androgen metabolites with 4 serum androgens [dehydroepiandrosterone-sulfate (DHEA-S), androstenedione, and total and free testosterone] and assess if their correlations differ by participant characteristics. Methods Our study consisted of 44 girls, ages 6-13, who participated in the New York site of the LEGACY Girls Study and had both serum and urine samples collected at the same visit. We performed Pearson's correlation coefficient tests between 4 serum and 10 individual urinary metabolite measures and their sum. We examined the influence of participant characteristics on the magnitude and direction of the correlations. Results The summed urinary metabolite measures had the highest correlation with free testosterone in serum (global sum, r = 0.83) and correlated least with DHEA-S in serum (global sum, r = 0.64). The correlation between individual urinary metabolites and serum androgens ranged from 0.08 to 0.84.Two 11-oxygenated urinary metabolites (5α-androstane-3α-ol-11,17-dione5β-androstane-3α,11β-diol-17-one) were weakly correlated with all serum androgens. Participant age, weight, height, waist:hip ratio, and pubic hair growth stage changed the correlations between urinary and serum androgens measures between 10% and 213%. Conclusion The sum of urinary androgen metabolites was a good marker of circulating androstenedione, testosterone, and free testosterone. Individual urinary metabolites provide additional information about the metabolic processes of disease development compared to the antecedent serum androgens.

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Dried urine and salivary profiling for complete assessment of cortisol and cortisol metabolites

Cited by 6 publications

References 43 publications

Reliability of a dried urine test for comprehensive assessment of urine hormones and metabolites

Reliability of a dried urine test for comprehensive assessment of urine hormones and metabolites

Dried blood spot as an alternative sample for screening of fatty acid, amino acid, and keto acid metabolism in humans

Urinary Androgens Provide Additional Evidence Related to Metabolism and Are Correlated With Serum Androgens in Girls

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