Drexhage’s Experiment for Sound

Langguth, Lutz; Fleury, Romain; Alù, Andrea; Koenderink, A. Femius

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.116.224301

Cited by 19 publications

(32 citation statements)

References 36 publications

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“…The first results had been indeed quite similar [186][187][188][189][190][191]195] to the expectations of section 3.7 39 . They showed a simply connected phase diagram.…”

Section: The Phase Diagram From the Latticesupporting

confidence: 53%

“…There is not yet any unambiguous prediction under which conditions the quantum fluctuations will alter the physics, and care has to be taken. But this effect was already observed in the earliest lattice calculations [188][189][190].…”

Section: The Phase Diagram From the Latticementioning

confidence: 76%

“…This defines a custodial singlet scalar and a custodial triplet vector. The action can now be rewritten as [18,19,189,252,253,256,270]…”

Section: A Quasi-exact Reformulation Of the Standard Model Higgs Sectormentioning

confidence: 99%

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Brout–Englert–Higgs physics: From foundations to phenomenology

Maas

2019

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

107

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Brout-Englert Higgs physics is one of the most central and successful parts of the standard model. It is also part of a multitude of beyond-the-standard-model scenarios.The aim of this review is to describe the field-theoretical foundations of Brout-Englert-Higgs physics, and to show how the usual phenomenology arises from it. This requires to give a precise and gauge-invariant meaning to the underlying physics. This is complicated by the fact that concepts like the Higgs vacuum expectation value or the separation between confinement and the Brout-Englert-Higgs effect loose their meaning beyond perturbation theory. This is addressed by carefully constructing the corresponding theory space and the quantum phase diagram of theories with elementary Higgs fields and gauge interactions.The physical spectrum needs then to be also given in terms of gauge-invariant, i. e. composite, states. Using gauge-invariant perturbation theory, as developed by Fröhlich, Morchio, and Strocchi, it is possible to rederive conventional perturbation theory in this framework. This derivation explicitly shows why the description of the standard model in terms of the unphysical, gaugedependent, elementary states of the Higgs and W -bosons and Z-boson, but also of the elementary fermions, is adequate and successful.These are unavoidable consequences of the field theory underlying the standard model, from which the usual picture emerges. The validity of this emergence can only be tested non-perturbatively. Such tests, in particular using lattice gauge theory, will be reviewed as well. They fully confirm the underlying mechanisms.In this course it will be seen that the structure of the standard model is very special, and qualitative changes occur beyond it. The extension beyond the standard model will therefore also be reviewed. Particular attention will be given to structural differences arising for phenomenology. Again, non-perturbative tests of these results will be reviewed.Finally, to make this review self-contained a brief discussion of issues like the triviality and hierarchy problem, and how they fit into a fundamental field-theoretical formulation, is included. If there is no gauge-invariant way of defining the vacuum expectation value of the Higgs, the whole standard procedure [14] of doing BEH physics seems to collapse on itself at first. This seems to question the whole basis of the current theoretical description of experiments, despite its huge success [10]. But it does not. Rather, it can be shown that a treatment taking the gauge-dependence into account will lead to, essentially, the same results for the standard model.How this works out is exactly the core of this review: The construction of a fully gauge-invariant description of this physics, and how the standard phenomenology follows from it. This starts in section 3. There, a gauge-invariant description of the theory (3) will be set up. This is the first step of developing a comprehensive, field-theoretical consistent view on BEH physics. This view is continued by establis...

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“…The first results had been indeed quite similar [186][187][188][189][190][191]195] to the expectations of section 3.7 39 . They showed a simply connected phase diagram.…”

Section: The Phase Diagram From the Latticesupporting

confidence: 53%

Section: The Phase Diagram From the Latticementioning

confidence: 76%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Brout–Englert–Higgs physics: From foundations to phenomenology

Maas

2019

Progress in Particle and Nuclear Physics

107

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“…As the antenna is moved ever further away from the mirror, the partial local density of states and therefore the rate of emission (52), approaches that of free space. The onset of this behaviour is evident on the far right of figure 11b.…”

Section: Antenna Pointing In the Plane Of The Mirror ( )mentioning

confidence: 99%

Classical antennas, quantum emitters, and densities of optical states

Barnes

Horsley

Vos

2020

J. Opt.

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We provide a pedagogical introduction to the concept of the local density of optical states (LDOS), illustrating its application to both the classical and quantum theory of radiation. We show that the LDOS governs the efficiency of a macroscopic classical antenna, determining how the antenna's emission depends on its environment. The LDOS is shown to similarly modify the spontaneous emission rate of a quantum emitter, such as an excited atom, molecule, ion, or quantum dot that is embedded in a nanostructured optical environment. The difference between the number density of optical states, the local density of optical states, and the partial local density of optical states is elaborated and examples are provided for each density of states to illustrate where these are required. We illustrate the universal effect of the LDOS on emission by comparing systems with emission wavelengths that differ by more than 5 orders of magnitude, and systems whose decay rates differ by more than 5 orders of magnitude. To conclude we discuss and resolve an apparent difference between the classical and quantum expressions for the spontaneous emission rate that often seems to be overlooked, and discuss the experimental determination of the LDOS. arXiv:1909.05619v1 [physics.optics] 12 Sep 2019Classical antennae, quantum emitters, and densities of optical states ‡ It is even more subtle: the two contributions are only equal under the assumption of a two level atom (see [2], chapter 4), but this is beyond the scope of the present article. § The excited-state lifetime τ is equivalent to the half-life t 1/2 that is well-known in nuclear physics: t 1/2 = τ ln(2).

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“…Modifying the electromagnetic environment by using a mirror to engineer the local photonic density of states can affect the radiative decay rate of a dipole 1,5 . In addition to those involving fluorescent molecules 4,5 , trapped ions 6,7 and quantum dots 8 , similar studies have been conducted with surface plasmon-polaritons 35 and with an acoustic gong 36 . For a perfect 0D dipole placed near a perfectly reflective spherical concave mirror, the radiative coupling and total linewidth could in principle be modulated from near zero to twice their vacuum values 5 .…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Coherent feedback control of two-dimensional excitons

Rogers

Gray

Bogdanowicz

et al. 2020

Phys. Rev. Research

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Electric dipole radiation can be controlled by coherent optical feedback, as has previously been studied by modulating the photonic environment for point dipoles placed both in optical cavities 1-3 and near metal mirrors 4,5 . In experiments involving fluorescent molecules 4,5 , trapped ions 6,7 and quantum dots 8 the point nature of the dipole, its sub-unity quantum efficiency, and decoherence rate conspire to severely limit any change in total linewidth. Here we show that the transverse coherence of exciton emission in the monolayer twodimensional (2D) material MoSe 2 removes many of the fundamental physical limitations present in previous experiments. The coherent interaction between excitons and a photonic mode localized between the MoSe 2 and a nearby planar mirror depends interferometrically on mirror position, enabling full control over the radiative coupling rate from near-zero to 1.8 meV and a corresponding change in exciton total linewidth from 0.9 to 2.3 meV. The highly radiatively broadened exciton resonance (a ratio of up to 3 : 1 in our samples) necessary to observe this modulation is made possible by recent advances in 2D materials sample fabrication 9-11 . Our method of mirror translation is free of any coupling to strain or DC electric field in the monolayer, which allows a fundamental study of this photonic effect. The weak coherent driving field in our experiments yields a mean excitation occupation number of ∼10 −3 such that our experiments correspond to probing radiative reaction in the regime of perturbative quantum electrodynamics 12 . This system will serve as a testbed for exploring new excitonic physics 13 and quantum nonlinear optical effects 14,15 .The transition metal dichalcogenides (TMDs) MoSe 2 and MoS 2 become direct band gap semiconductors when isolated in monolayer form [16][17][18] , transferring a significant fraction of the interband spectral weight to a strong and spectrally narrow excitonic resonance 19,20 . Coherence 21 , spin-valley interactions 22,23 , strain effects 24 , many-body electron physics 25-27 and engineered confinement 28,29 have all been studied using TMD excitons.Monolayer and few-layer TMDs were first prepared by mechanical exfoliation 16,17,30 and were typically n-doped and inhomogeneously broadened by substrate roughness. By adding electrostatic control via a gate, the semiconductor could be made neutral 26,27 . Encapsulation of TMDs in atomically flat hBN (hexagonal Boron Nitride) has enabled further improvements 9-11 . While some residual imperfections persist 31-34 , sample qualities sufficient to manifest quantum coherent effects are now achievable.Modifying the electromagnetic environment by using a mirror to engineer the local photonic density of states can affect the radiative decay rate of a dipole 1,5 . In addition to those involving fluorescent molecules 4,5 , trapped ions 6,7 and quantum dots 8 , similar studies have been conducted with surface plasmon-polaritons 35 and with an acoustic gong 36 . For a perfect 0D dipole placed near a perfectly...

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Drexhage’s Experiment for Sound

Cited by 19 publications

References 36 publications

Brout–Englert–Higgs physics: From foundations to phenomenology

Brout–Englert–Higgs physics: From foundations to phenomenology

Classical antennas, quantum emitters, and densities of optical states

Coherent feedback control of two-dimensional excitons

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