Dressing the Part: Gender Differences in Residents’ Experiences of Feedback in Internal Medicine

Abstract

PurposeMultiple studies demonstrate that assessment of residents differs by gender, yet little is known about how these differences are experienced by women and men. The authors sought to understand whether the experience of being assessed and receiving feedback differs between men and women internal medicine (IM) residents and how women respond to these experiences. MethodA constructivist grounded theory approach to data collection and interpretation was used. The authors invited all IM residents in postgraduate years 1-3 at the University of Toronto to participate in semistructured focus groups (August-October 2019). Twentytwo residents participated (8 men, 14 women). Focus groups were divided by gender and training level.

Assertiveness in physicians' interpersonal professional encounters: A scoping review

“…Of these, the majority (15/22;67.5%) were published in the last 10 years between 2011 and 2022, 11,12,[58][59][60][61][62][63][64][65][66][67][68][69][70] five (22.5%) between 2001 and 2010 [71][72][73][74][75] and only two (9%) before 2000. 76,77 The articles were either qualitative studies (9/22;40.5%), [60][61][62]66,67,69,71,75,76 quantitative studies (8/22;36%) 12,58,63,64,68,70,72,74 or mixed methods studies (5/22;22.5%). 11,59,65,73,77 Half of them (11/22;50%) were conducted in the United States, 11,12,58,67,69,70...…”

“…76,77 The articles were either qualitative studies (9/22;40.5%), [60][61][62]66,67,69,71,75,76 quantitative studies (8/22;36%) 12,58,63,64,68,70,72,74 or mixed methods studies (5/22;22.5%). 11,59,65,73,77 Half of them (11/22;50%) were conducted in the United States, 11,12,58,67,69,70,[72][73][74]76,77 six (6/22;27%) in Europe, 59,[64][65][66]68,71 two in Canada, 62,75 two in Asia 60,63 and one in Australia. 61 As to the studies' populations, eight studies (8/22;36%) focused on both residents and practicing physicians, 12,58,65-70 six (6/22;27%) only on residents, 11,59,[61]…”

“…11,59,65,73,77 Half of them (11/22;50%) were conducted in the United States, 11,12,58,67,69,70,[72][73][74]76,77 six (6/22;27%) in Europe, 59,[64][65][66]68,71 two in Canada, 62,75 two in Asia 60,63 and one in Australia. 61 As to the studies' populations, eight studies (8/22;36%) focused on both residents and practicing physicians, 12,58,65-70 six (6/22;27%) only on residents, 11,59,[61][62][63]73 four (4/22;18%) only on physicians in practice 64,71,75,76 and four (4/22;18%) on medical students. 60,72,74,77 Half of the studies were from four main specializations, including emergency medicine, [65][66][67]76 anesthesiology, 11,58,59 internal medicine…”

L’influence du genre des résident·es et des professeur·es sur les évaluations de la formation médicale fondée sur les compétences en anesthésie

“… 14 – 16 Gender may also influence residents’ experience of feedback. 17 Nevertheless, these findings are not consistent across specialties, context, or training level, and some studies reported no gender-based differences. 18 – 21…”

Identifying Gender-Related Differences in Graduate Medical Education with the Use of a Web-Based Professionalism Monitoring Tool

“…3,4,11,12,15,16 Many studies have revealed differences in the evaluations of men and women residents across multiple specialties by both physician staff and allied health professionals. 2,3,5,6,[17][18][19][20][21] Dayal et al 3 found that although male and female residents receive similar evaluations at the beginning of residency, the rate of milestone attainment throughout training was higher for male than for female residents across all emergency medicine subcompetencies, causing a gender discrepancy in evaluations that continued until graduation. The higher rate of attainment for men occurred after the first year of residency and persisted throughout their training.…”