DREAM: A fluid-kinetic framework for tokamak disruption runaway electron simulations

Hoppe, Mathias; Embréus, Ola; Fülöp, Tünde

doi:10.1016/j.cpc.2021.108098

Cited by 40 publications

(100 citation statements)

References 73 publications

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“…The evolution of the plasma parameters and runaway electrons during the disruption mitigation are modelled here with the 1D-2P numerical tool Dream [11]. Dream was extended in this work to include the capability to model SPI based on a Neutral Gas Shielding (NGS) model [12].…”

Section: Shattered Pellet Injection and Plasma Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…These are modelled as quasi-stationary sources feeding particles directly into the runaway population [13]. After the thermal quench, when the hot-tail mechanism is no longer active, the Dreicer mechanism is also modelled in a similar fluid-like fashion [11].…”

Section: Shattered Pellet Injection and Plasma Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electric field evolution resulting from the rapid change in the conductivity is given by the induction/diffusion process (A.7). The momentum distribution of the electrons is resolved using the "fully kinetic" mode described in [11].…”

Section: Plasma Response To Spimentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The electron dynamics is resolved fully kinetically or through various fluid models. Going beyond the status of the Dream framework as represented in reference [11], here we overview the aspects of the code relevant for SPI modelling.…”

Section: Appendix a Overview Of Dreammentioning

confidence: 99%

“…In this work we investigate the effect of SPI on runaway generation in a tokamak disruption. We use the recently developed numerical tool Dream (Disruption Runaway Electron Analysis Model) [11], which is capable of self-consistently calculating the time evolution of the background plasma properties, the electron momentum distribution and the runaway current during a mitigated tokamak disruption. In particular, we simulate two-stage SPI in an ITERlike setting, and assess how the disruption mitigation performance depends on the amount of injected deuterium and neon.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Effect of Two-Stage Shattered Pellet Injection on Tokamak Disruptions

Vallhagen,

Pusztai,

Hoppe

et al. 2022

Preprint

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An effective disruption mitigation system in a tokamak reactor should limit the exposure of the wall to localized heat losses and to the impact of high current runaway electron beams, and avoid excessive forces on the structure. We evaluate with respect to these aspects a two-stage deuterium-neon shattered pellet injection in an ITER-like plasma, using simulations with the Dream framework [M. Hoppe et al (2021) Comp. Phys. Commun. 268, 108098]. To minimize the obtained runaway currents an optimal range of injected deuterium quantities is found. This range is sensitive to the opacity of the plasma to Lyman radiation, which affects the ionization degree of deuterium, and thus avalanche runaway generation. The two-stage injection scheme, where dilution cooling is produced by deuterium before a radiative thermal quench caused by neon, reduces both the hot-tail seed and the localized transported heat load on the wall. However, during nuclear operation, additional runaway seed sources from the activated wall and tritium make it difficult to reach tolerably low runaway currents.

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Section: Shattered Pellet Injection and Plasma Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Shattered Pellet Injection and Plasma Dynamicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Plasma Response To Spimentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Appendix a Overview Of Dreammentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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