DRD4 Variants Moderate the Impact of Parental Characteristics on Child Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Exploratory Evidence from a Multiplex Family Design

Nikolas, Molly A.; Momany, Allison M.

doi:10.1007/s10802-017-0264-y

Cited by 10 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 73 publications

(89 reference statements)

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“…Again, if passive genetic correlation was explaining the results, this longitudinal predictive pattern would not be seen. Third, in a direct test for passive gene-environment correlation, Nikolas and Momany (2017) found no associations of variations in a specific candidate gene for ADHD symptoms (i.e., dopamine receptor 4), and variation in parenting behaviors. Fourth, Wymbs et al (2017) used an experiment involving Bconfederate^child actors who played the role of a child with or without ADHD symptoms during observed interaction with couples (Wymbs et al 2017).…”

Section: Family Diversification Of Adhd Symptoms: Gene-environment Prmentioning

confidence: 90%

“…This approach has been used widely in epidemiological studies, especially those striving to identify rare genetic variants of large effect size for discrete diseases and disorders (e.g., Hopper et al 2005). The Nikolas and Momany (2017) paper in the current section provides a version of this kind of approach using examination of genotypes in multiple family members. As a general analytic approach, such measurement scaling and analytic methods might be useful for any family-based studies of dyads, triads or beyond.…”

Section: Families and Adhd Symptoms As Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Two of the special section's papers show examples of potential additive and interactive effects of measured genetic variations in dopamine transporter and receptor-4 genes (Auerbach et al 2017;Nikolas and Momany 2017). As these and several other papers in the section emphasize, the future of family research on parent and child ADHD and comorbid conditions will need to include adequately powered studies of gene-by-gene and gene-by-environment interaction effects.…”

Section: Family Diversification Of Adhd Symptoms: Gene-environment Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parents’ and Children’s ADHD in a Family System

Deater‐Deckard

2017

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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ADHD symptoms "run in families". However, relatively little is known about the ways in which parents' symptoms might additively and interactively work with the parenting environment, to influence (and be influenced by) the developmental trajectory of symptoms in children and adolescents. In this commentary on the special section addressing this gap in knowledge, emphasis is placed on the importance of replicating and extending family-wide studies of ADHD symptoms and etiology. The current papers exemplify the leading-edge of such efforts, demonstrating the feasibility and rigor with which studies are being conducted, utilizing longitudinal and experimental designs. Families and parenting environments operate as a system in which individuals influence each other's symptoms and functioning. In so doing, parents produce tremendous variability within (as well as between) each family in individuals' ADHD symptoms from childhood through adulthood, via gene-environment transactions that may even begin during prenatal development.

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Section: Family Diversification Of Adhd Symptoms: Gene-environment Prmentioning

confidence: 90%

Section: Families and Adhd Symptoms As Systemsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Family Diversification Of Adhd Symptoms: Gene-environment Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Parents’ and Children’s ADHD in a Family System

Deater‐Deckard

2017

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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“…In relation to the family environment, young children with the DRD4 7-repeat allele have been shown to be more sensitive to both positive and negative aspects of parenting [33,35]. Another study, focusing on negative family influences, showed that children's DRD4 variants moderated the association between parental inconsistent discipline and the children's ADHD [36]. In relation to the school environment, genetic moderation studies with the DRD4 genotype have examined the influence of peers and teachers in promoting positive development.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

ADHD symptoms across adolescence: the role of the family and school climate and the DRD4 and 5-HTTLPR genotype

Brinksma

Dietrich

Bildt

et al. 2019

Eur Child Adolesc Psychiatry

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We examined bidirectional relations between attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD) symptoms and family and school climate, and the possible role of DRD4 and/or 5-HTTLPR genotypes herein. Three-wave longitudinal data of 1860 adolescents (mean ages 11, 13.5, and 16 years) from the general population and clinic-referred cohort of TRacking Adolescents' Individual Lives Survey were used. Using a multigroup Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Panel Model, we tested between-person (i.e., stable trait levels) and within-person (i.e., causal processes) associations across ADHD symptoms, family and school climate, and the extent to which these depended on genotype. Findings indicated no influence of genotype. Results did show significant between-person differences (ADHD symptoms with family climate r = .38; and school climate r = .23, p values < .001), indicating that higher stable levels of ADHD symptoms were associated with a less favorable family and school climate. Regarding within-person causal processes, ADHD symptoms predicted a less favorable family climate in early adolescence (β = .16, p < .01), while ADHD symptoms predicted a more favorable family climate in the later phase of adolescence (β = − .11, p < .01), a finding which we explain by normative developmental changes during adolescence. Overall, this study showed that negative associations between ADHD symptoms and both family and school climate are largely explained by stable between-person differences. We recommend applying the Random Intercept Cross-Lagged Path Model to developmental data to tease stable associations and change processes apart.

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“…Reflecting the known genetic nature of ADHD, two papers (Auerbach et al 2017;Nikolas and Momany 2017) were solicited which incorporate the contributions of both genetic and environmental factors and their interaction in understanding parental ADHD in relation to child ADHD. Three papers examine parental ADHD and/or depression in relation to parenting or child outcomes.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Parental ADHD: Relations to Parenting, Child Behavior, and Treatment Outcomes

Johnston

Chronis‐Tuscano

2017

J Abnorm Child Psychol

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As editors, we are pleased to introduce this set of seven papers that form a special section devoted to the study of parental attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder (ADHD). The idea for this section grew out of discussions of the work being conducted in our own labs and others focused broadly on families of children with ADHD. Research in this area traces a developmental trajectory from early studies that examined crosssectional relations between parenting and child ADHD, to research that distinguished between child ADHD versus child oppositional/conduct problems and that examined common parental psychopathologies such as depression and antisocial behavior, allowing us to isolate relations between these factors and parenting quality. As the heritability of ADHD became firmly established and the lifespan nature of the disorder was increasingly recognized, the most recent arc of this research trajectory reflects studies that place ADHD symptoms in the parent in a central role. Moreover, recent longitudinal research has begun to shed light on the impact of parental ADHD (alone or in combination with other factors) on the trajectory of child functioning over time, in line with the developmental psychopathology framework and our model of ADHD in families (Johnston and Chronis-Tuscano 2015). This special section was conceived as a way to bring together a compilation of these newer studies of parental ADHD to highlight similarities as well as differences in the emerging findings, to refine the models linking parental and child ADHD, and to spur further empirical tests of such models and to ultimately inform interventions to enhance child functioning.As illustrated in Fig. 1, we conceive of parental ADHD, not only as conveying to the child a genetic risk for the disorder, but also as an important component of the parenting or environmental context that may alter the emergence and development of childhood ADHD and comorbid conditions, either directly or in interaction with genetic liability. The Figure serves only as a heuristic. It contains only some of the family, parent, and child characteristics that are likely functional in determining parenting and child outcomes (e.g., epigenetic effects are not explicitly noted in the figure nor are the influences of pre or perinatal risk factors) and that are examined in this special section. Not only are there acknowledged factors that are not included in this heuristic model, but the number and types of arrows that would be needed to illustrate the multiple, complex, and transactional influences among all of these parent, child and family variables is mindboggling (e.g., the possible gene X gene interactions, the impact of cultural norms on phenotypic expressions of ADHD). However, the Figure does, hopefully, convey a sense of the many possible relations among these variables and, most importantly, showcases the central role of parental ADHD symptoms that is the focus of this special section.We invited and were fortunate to receive a set of papers that together present a com...

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DRD4 Variants Moderate the Impact of Parental Characteristics on Child Attention-Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder: Exploratory Evidence from a Multiplex Family Design

Cited by 10 publications

References 73 publications

Parents’ and Children’s ADHD in a Family System

Parents’ and Children’s ADHD in a Family System

ADHD symptoms across adolescence: the role of the family and school climate and the DRD4 and 5-HTTLPR genotype

Parental ADHD: Relations to Parenting, Child Behavior, and Treatment Outcomes

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