Drawing Area-Proportional Venn-3 Diagrams with Convex Polygons

Th cell responses induced by Aspergillus fumigatus have been extensively investigated in mouse models. However, the requirements for differentiation and the characteristics of A. fumigatus–induced human Th cell subsets remain poorly defined. We demonstrate that A. fumigatus induces Th1 and Th17 subsets in human PBMCs. Moreover, we show that the cytokine IL-22 is not restricted to a specific Th subset, in contrast to IL-17A. The pattern recognition and cytokine pathways that skew these Aspergillus-induced Th cell responses are TLR4- and IL-1–, IL-23–, and TNF-α–dependent. These pathways are of specific importance for production of the cytokines IL-17A and IL-22. Additionally, our data reveal that the dectin-1/Syk pathway is redundant and that TLR2 has an inhibitory effect on Aspergillus-induced IL-17A and IL-22 production. Notably, blocking complement receptor (CR)3 significantly reduced Aspergillus-induced Th1 and Th17 responses, and this was independent on the activation of the complement system. CR3 is a known receptor for β-1,3-glucan; however, blocking CR3 had significant effects on Th cell responses induced by heat-killed Aspergillus conidia, which have minimal β-glucan expression on their cell surface. Collectively, these data characterize the human Th cell subsets induced by Aspergillus, demonstrate that the capability to produce IL-22 is not restricted to a specific T cell subset, and provide evidence that CR3 might play a significant role in the adaptive host defense against Aspergillus, although the ligand and its action remain to be elucidated.

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“…Data were analyzed using GraphPad Prism v5.0. The proportional Venn diagram was drawn using the eulerAPE application v2.0.3 (25,26).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Aspergillus fumigatus–Induced IL-22 Is Not Restricted to a Specific Th Cell Subset and Is Dependent on Complement Receptor 3

Gresnigt

Becker

Smeekens

et al. 2013

The Journal of Immunology

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“…The results of this analysis was represented graphically (see Fig. 1) as an area proportional Venn diagram, using the technique of Rodgers et al (Rodgers et al 2010). …”

Section: Statistical Analysesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Intelligence and temporal accuracy of behaviour: unique and shared associations with reaction time and motor timing

2011

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Intelligence and temporal accuracy of behavior: unique and shared associations with reaction time and motor timing Experimental Brain Research, 2011, Vol. 214, Issue 2, p. 175 -183 doi 10.1007/s00221-011-2817 Access to the published version may require subscription. Published with permission from: Springer AbstractIntelligence is associated with accuracy in a wide range of timing tasks. One source of such associations is likely to be individual differences in top-down control, e.g. sustained attention, that influence performance in both temporal tasks and other cognitively controlled behaviors.In addition, we have studied relations between intelligence and a simple rhythmic motor task, isochronous serial interval production (ISIP), and found a substantial component of that relation, which is independent of fluctuations in top-down control. The main purpose of the present study was to investigate whether such bottom-up mechanisms are involved also in the relation between intelligence and reaction time (RT) tasks. We thus investigated if common variance between the ISIP and RT tasks underlies their respective associations with intelligence. 112 participants performed a simple RT task, a choice RT task and the ISIP task.Intelligence was assessed with the Raven SPM Plus. The analysed timing variables included mean and variability in the RT tasks and two variance components in the ISIP task. As predicted, RT and ISIP variables were associated with intelligence. The timing variables were positively intercorrelated and a principal component analysis revealed a substantial first principal component that was strongly related to all timing variables, and positively correlated with intelligence. Furthermore, a commonality analysis demonstrated that the relations between intelligence and the timing variables involved a commonality between the timing variables as well as unique contributions from choice RT and ISIP. We discuss possible implications of these findings, and argue that they support our main hypothesis, i.e. that relations between intelligence and RT tasks have a bottom-up component.

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“…Also in threequarters of all nullified records, the reason for nullifying was lying in the three date levels simultaneously (year, month and day, 74.5% of all cases), while most of the remaining nullified records (22%) were so because of day and month being invalid, while retaining year information. (Rodgers et al, 2010). Left group: records reporting a non-null, invalid date (no date field is null); right group: records having at least one null date field.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the dates of GBIF mobilised primary biodiversity records

et al. 2013

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-There are more than 390 million primary biodiversity data records published by hundreds of data publishers through the GBIF network. Thus, the GBIF network is the single most comprehensive index for this kind of data. Ensuring or, at least assessing data quality is of capital importance for the reliability and usability of this data. While conducting a time data gap analysis on this mass of data, we have detected some issues with the way date information is processed and shared. Dates can be obscured or altered under certain circumstances, when a specific combination of publisher's error or date handling features, and faulty or inadequate date parsing and processing routines gets chained together. The extent of the date unreliability (either at the source or through GBIF portal) is relatively low, and problems are concentrated in a few data publishers. The types of errors and misprocessing in dates through the sources and the published records are analysed, impact on the overall data quality of the published index was assessed, and corrective measures are suggested.

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Drawing Area-Proportional Venn-3 Diagrams with Convex Polygons

Cited by 19 publications

References 7 publications

Aspergillus fumigatus–Induced IL-22 Is Not Restricted to a Specific Th Cell Subset and Is Dependent on Complement Receptor 3

Aspergillus fumigatus–Induced IL-22 Is Not Restricted to a Specific Th Cell Subset and Is Dependent on Complement Receptor 3

Intelligence and temporal accuracy of behaviour: unique and shared associations with reaction time and motor timing

On the dates of GBIF mobilised primary biodiversity records

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