Drawing and Memory: What is the Content of Children’s Drawings and How Does it Differ From Their Verbal Reports?

Iordanou, Christiana; Allen, Melissa L.; Warmelink, Lara

doi:10.1177/02762374211047971

Cited by 5 publications

(4 citation statements)

References 35 publications

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“…Therefore, our study proposes that the school environment should offer teaching methodologies where the child is involved with artistic methods, such as drawing (Iordanou et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Our findings confirm that role play is the activity that enhances development (Medina, 2010), an activity that intensifies human cognitive processing (Flavell, 2019), a social practice where the zone of proximal development of the child and the development of new adaptive behaviors in childhood are created (Rogoff, 1990). Therefore, our study proposes that the school environment should offer teaching methodologies where the child is involved with artistic methods, such as drawing (Iordanou et al, 2022).…”

Section: Practical and Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The benefits of role play in the development of drawing in preschool children

et al. 2022

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ObjectiveThe purpose of our study was to demonstrate the benefits of role play based on a Historical–Cultural perspective with the implementation of symbolic elements generated by the development of drawing of preschool children from suburban origin in a group of normal Mexican preschool children. We predict that the quality of the drawings will be improved after the preschoolers participate in such a role play program.MethodsA pre-experimental study was carried out, with pre-test and post-test assessments. The drawings were assessed with quantitative (frequencies of the quality of the parameters) and qualitative (characteristics of the children's drawings) methods. The role play program was based on Elkonin's method, activity theory, and P. Ya Galperin's formation by stages of mental actions. The program encouraged the use of graphic signs and symbols, with the intention of representing situations, actions, objects, and/or contents. Twenty-six preschool children participated in our study.ResultsTo know the effect of the role play program with symbolic elements on the drawing of preschool children, we performed a quantitative and qualitative analysis, a Wilcoxon test contrast between the initial and final assessment. Both analyses showed a significant increase in the scores in all the tasks with a medium–large effect size, being the largest “Pictograms” and “Drawing of the route”; and in the analysis of the qualitative parameters, specifically in “Maintains the objective,” a significant increase was found in all the tasks.DiscussionRole play, being the main activity in preschool age, develops all aspects of the child's psychic life. The importance of role play in a preschool child makes it possible to work in the zone of proximal development with the regulatory function of language, with the planning, execution, and control of playful activity and, most importantly, with the use of various materials and perceptual-graphics tools. These findings showed an improvement in the development and complexity of the symbolic function in the drawings.ConclusionRole play, as a work methodology in preschool age, leads to the use of new meaning systems that prepare the child to carry out present and future complex symbolic actions.

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“…Therefore, our study proposes that the school environment should offer teaching methodologies where the child is involved with artistic methods, such as drawing (Iordanou et al, 2022 ).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Practical and Theoretical Implicationsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The benefits of role play in the development of drawing in preschool children

et al. 2022

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“…These findings support participants' beliefs that a child's drawing may contain forensically relevant information. However, it appears that these drawings do not provide details above and beyond what is included within a child's verbal report (Iordanou et al, 2021).…”

Section: The Meaning Behind Children's Drawingsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is commonly assumed by laypeople and researchers alike that as children age their drawing ability typically improves (Adi-Japha et al, 1998). Representational drawing refers to drawings that depict life-like objects that are easily distinguished and understood by another observer (Iordanou et al, 2021). A child's ability to produce representational drawings is found to follow a developmental sequence.…”

Section: Children's Ability To Drawmentioning

confidence: 99%

Crayons in the Courtroom: Jurors’ Beliefs about Children’s Drawings and their Impact on Child Witness Credibility

Curtis¹

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<p>In cases of child maltreatment, the child is often the sole eyewitness to the event. This means it is important that a child’s testimony of the event is detailed, specific, and accurate (Salmon et al., 2012). To help elicit these testimonies, interviewers may ask children to “draw what happened to them”. These drawings then become an evidential exhibit presented to jury members in court (Cohen-Liebman, 2013). The presentation of drawings alongside a child’s testimony may impact how competent and trustworthy a child witness is perceived to be (Danby et al., 2021). Across two studies, the current research explored the beliefs that jury members hold about children’s drawings and the impact that these beliefs may have on the evaluation of a child’s testimony. Within the first study, potential jurors (N=503) completed an online survey exploring their beliefs about the use of drawings within forensic settings. Drawings were generally thought to be highly beneficial and allow access into a child’s cognitive world; however, participants also identified some risks associated with having children draw. The second study investigated whether the presence of a child’s drawing alongside their testimony influenced how the child witness was perceived. Within this study, potential jurors (N=502) read a simulated transcript of a child reporting a traffic incident and rated the child witness’ credibility. Within each transcript, the child’s age (6 or 10- years-old) and the drawing they presented (no drawing, low-quality drawing, or high-quality drawing) were manipulated. All findings indicated that the child’s age and the presence of a drawing had no significant influence on child credibility ratings. Collectively, these studies suggest that although jurors hold strong beliefs about the meaning within children’s drawings, these beliefs may not always influence jurors’ evaluation of a child witness. However, further research is required to comprehensively understand the conditions in which drawings may be a highly compelling and influential form of evidence.</p>

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Cognitive skills, individual differences, and nonverbal interview methods in children’s eyewitness recall

Iordanou

Allen

Warmelink

2022

Journal of Cognitive Psychology

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This study investigated the interaction between internal characteristics and external prompts (drawing and dramatisation) in children's eyewitness recall. Eighty-one 3-to 6-year old children witnessed a live event involving an altercation between two actors in their schools. They were asked to tell what happened (Verbal condition), draw what happened while talking about it (Drawing condition), or show and tell by using gestures and mime (Dramatisation condition), one day, two weeks, and approximately six months after the event. Independent measures of temperament, mood, symbolic skills, and language ability were taken. Children in the Drawing condition reported significantly more details about objects than children in the Verbal condition after a two-week delay. Symbolic skills and shyness affected children's recall. Our findings suggest that considering young children's cognitive skills and temperamental traits may help facilitate their eyewitness recall.

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Drawing and Memory: What is the Content of Children’s Drawings and How Does it Differ From Their Verbal Reports?

Cited by 5 publications

References 35 publications

The benefits of role play in the development of drawing in preschool children

The benefits of role play in the development of drawing in preschool children

Crayons in the Courtroom: Jurors’ Beliefs about Children’s Drawings and their Impact on Child Witness Credibility

Cognitive skills, individual differences, and nonverbal interview methods in children’s eyewitness recall

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