Drastic decline of hepatitis E virus detection in domestic pigs after the age of 6 months, Corsica, France

Capai, Lisandru; Maestrini, Oscar; Casabianca, François; Villechenaud, Natacha; Masse, Shirley; Bosseur, Frédéric; Lamballerie, Xavier de; Charrel, Rémi N.; Falchi, Alessandra

doi:10.1111/tbed.13304

Cited by 17 publications

(30 citation statements)

References 49 publications

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“…Very similar observation of HEV in adult pigs older than 6 month has been reported by other authors [30,32]. A signi cant decline of HEV detection has been described in adult domestic pigs (> 6 months) in Corsica, a French region hyper-endemic for HEV [33]. A strong decline of HEV from 100% in weaners to 40% in growers and 0% in fatteners observed by Seminati et al [19] in Spain is in agreement with the trend observed in our work.…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Molecular Survey and Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Swine From Slovakia

Jacková¹,

Dudasova²,

Salamunova³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is agent causing hepatitis worldwide. Originally considered to be limited to developing countries, this virus was also detected in developed countries. In recent years an increasing number of reports indicate that farmed domestic pigs are widely infected with HEV in several European countries including neighbouring countries the Czech Republic and Hungary. The HEV status in Slovakia is still missing.Results: In this study, the circulation of HEV among domestic swine in Slovakia and genetic diversity of the virus was studied. Overall HEV RNA was detected in 53/388 (13.7%) pig rectal swabs in five production stages (age categories) with statistically highly significant differences (P < 0.01, χ2=28.444). No HEV was detected in suckling piglets and sows. The highest HEV incidence (29.6%) was observed in weaners and then declined in growers and fatteners. Twenty-eight partial sequences of ORF1 (242 bp) and seventeen of ORF2 (304 bp) were genetically analysed. Phylogenetic analysis and p-distance comparisons confirmed in both ORFs that all Slovak HEV sequences belong to the genotype HEV-3, major clade 3abchij with higher identity to 3a and 3i subtypes. Three sequences created a new branch, outside of major clades 3abchij and 3efg, showing high nucleotide p-distances (0.140-0.178). They could represent a novel subtype.Conclusion: This is the first report to fill the epidemiological gap about HEV infection in pigs in Slovakia. The results indicated a lower incidence of HEV in Slovak pig farms than observed in other European countries. While most HEV isolates were typed as HEV-3 clade3abchij, three sequences were most probably a candidate for a new HEV-3 subtype.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 93%

A Molecular Survey and Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Swine From Slovakia

Jacková¹,

Dudasova²,

Salamunova³

et al. 2020

Preprint

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“…In a similar manner, higher rates in seroprevalence studies were identified in butchers and slaughterhouse workers compared with the general population [31]. The presence of HEV RNA in wild boar and swine bile, liver, sera, and faces [11,32,33] is in line with a higher risk of exposure and strengthens the need for protective gloves during the disemboweling of wild boars [34].…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 92%

Seroprevalence Study of Anti-HEV IgG among Different Adult Populations in Corsica, France, 2019

et al. 2019

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Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of acute hepatitis worldwide. In France, hyperendemic areas including Corsica have an anti-HEV Immunoglobulin G (IgG) prevalence higher than 50%. The aim of this study was to determine the seroprevalence of anti-HEV IgG in three adult populations in Corsica and the risk factors associated with antibody detection. Between 2017 and 2019, a total of 930 individuals, including 467 blood donors, 393 students or university staff members and 70 patients from general practice, were tested for the presence of anti-HEV IgG using the Wantai HEV IgG enzyme immunoassay kit and filled a questionnaire. The association between seropositivity and potential risk factors was tested with univariate and multivariate analyses. Out of the 930 samples, 52.3% (486/930) were seropositive—54.4% (254/467) among blood donors, 47.6% (187/393) among university students and 64.3% (45/70) among patients of general practice. Three main risk factors were identified: (i) skinning and butchering (Adjusted Odds Ratio aOR = 2.76, 95% confidence interval [95% CI] [1.51–5.37]; p-value < 10−3), (ii) consumption of a local pork live raw sausage (fittonu) (aOR = 1.95 95% CI [1.45–2.64]; p-value = 10−5), and (iii) increasing age (p-value = 0.003). Seropositivity rates between the different populations were homogeneous after age stratification. This cross-sectional study indicates a high anti-HEV IgG seroprevalence in the Corsican adult population, not significantly different between women and men and increasing with age. This serosurvey also showed homogeneity regarding the exposure to HEV among three different types of populations. Finally, we confirmed the endemicity of Corsica with respect to HEV and identified a strong association between consumption of figatellu/fittonu and the practice of skinning and butchering with the detection of anti-HEV IgG.

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“…As the age of slaughter is mostly below 1 year in many parts of the world including Ghana, the risk of infection therefore also appears comparable worldwide [10,[52][53][54]. Adjusting slaughter age to periods after this may help reduce the risk of human infection, as also suggested in another study from France that found a lower HEV RNA prevalence in pigs older than 6 months as compared to those that were 3-4 months old [55].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Detection and genomic characterization of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from pigs in Ghana, Africa

et al. 2020

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Background: Hepatitis E virus (HEV) is a major cause of human hepatitis worldwide. Zoonotic genotypes of the virus have been found in diverse animal species with pigs playing a major role. Putative risk of zoonotic infection from livestock particularly swine in Sub-Saharan Africa including Ghana is poorly understood due to scarcity of available data, especially HEV sequence information. Methods: Serum samples were collected from cattle, sheep, goats and pigs from Kumasi in the Ashanti region of Ghana. Samples were subjected to nested RT-PCR screening and quantification of HEV RNA-positive samples using real-time RT-PCR and the World Health Organization International Standard for HEV. Testing of all pig samples for antibodies was done by ELISA. Sanger sequencing and genotyping was performed and one representative complete genome was generated to facilitate genome-wide comparison to other available African HEV sequences by phylogenetic analysis. Results: A total of 420 samples were available from cattle (n = 105), goats (n = 124), pigs (n = 89) and sheep (n = 102). HEV Viral RNA was detected only in pig samples (10.1%). The antibody detection rate in pigs was 77.5%, with positive samples from all sampling sites. Average viral load was 1 × 10 5 (range 1.02 × 10 3 to 3.17 × 10 5) International Units per mL of serum with no statistically significant differences between age groups (≤ 6 month, > 6 months) by a T-test comparison of means (t = 1.4272, df = 7, p = 0.1966). Sequences obtained in this study form a monophyletic group within HEV genotype 3. Sequences from Cameroon, Ghana, Burkina Faso and Madagascar were found to share a most recent common ancestor; however this was not the case for other African HEV sequences. Conclusion: HEV genotype 3 is highly endemic in pigs in Ghana and likely poses a zoonotic risk to people exposed to pigs. HEV genotype 3 in Ghana shares a common origin with other virus strains from Sub-Saharan Africa.

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Drastic decline of hepatitis E virus detection in domestic pigs after the age of 6 months, Corsica, France

Cited by 17 publications

References 49 publications

A Molecular Survey and Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Swine From Slovakia

A Molecular Survey and Genetic Diversity of Hepatitis E Virus in Domestic Swine From Slovakia

Seroprevalence Study of Anti-HEV IgG among Different Adult Populations in Corsica, France, 2019

Detection and genomic characterization of hepatitis E virus genotype 3 from pigs in Ghana, Africa

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