Dramatic efficiency gains through improved heat exchangers: the case of cassava flash drying in Nigeria

Marchant, A.; Graffham, A.J.; Sanni, Lekan; Adeoya, Idowu

doi:10.3362/2046-1887.2015.006

Cited by 2 publications

(7 citation statements)

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“…High energy costs squeeze profit margins because HQCF processing is more energy intensive than wheat flour milling, which contributes to explaining the high failure rate of SMEs producing HQCF. Marchant et al (2015) estimate the energy consumed in the processing of HQCF to be 3.2 to 14.3 MJ/kg, which compares to the Olaoye et al (2014) estimate of 0.101 MJ/kg to mill wheat flour. Nigeria has an installed electricity generation capacity for supply to the national grid of 12,522 MW, but has an available capacity of only approximately 4,500 MW.…”

Section: Productionmentioning

confidence: 54%

“…Fuel costs for the flash drying process are the second highest component of costs in HQCF production. Based on use of fossil fuels, fuel represented 36 per cent of the total cost of producing HQCF in 2014, of which 33 per cent is for heating and 3 per cent for the generator (Marchant et al, 2015). Foreign exchange scarcity and the removal of fuel subsidy in May 2016 also contributed to the increasing costs of domestic production.…”

Section: Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…There are approximately 180 SMEs in Nigeria equipped for cassava processing (Sanni, 2012), of which about 153 operate drying equipment known as flash dryers (Marchant et al , 2015). However, most HQCF is produced by one large factory using imported equipment and benefiting from economies of scale and more efficient processing techniques.…”

Section: The Hqcf Value Chain In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Energy consumption ranges from 14.2 MJ/kg of HQCF to an improved 2.9 MJ/kg of HQCF. An economic and carbon emission assessment of the heat exchangers with alternative fuel sources showed fuel cost reductions of 90 per cent (Marchant et al , 2015). Nigeria’s main manufacturer of flash dryers has produced at least 25 of these improved high efficiency, high throughput oil-fired units, and 15 SMEs have been retrofitted with waste fuel heat exchangers.…”

Section: Responses To Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…However, some of the perceived problems with equipment in fact reflect both their challenging operating environment and inefficient management by SMEs. For example, actual operational efficiency is substantially reduced by short production runs and associated warm up times and wasted residual heat after drying (Marchant et al , 2015). SMEs producing HQCF appear to have relatively low adaptive capacity.…”

Section: Responses To Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

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Shaping, adapting and reserving the right to play

Lamboll

Martin

Sanni

et al. 2018

JADEE

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If you would like to write for this, or any other Emerald publication, then please use our Emerald for Authors service information about how to choose which publication to write for and submission guidelines are available for all. Please visit www.emeraldinsight.com/authors for more information. About Emerald www.emeraldinsight.comEmerald is a global publisher linking research and practice to the benefit of society. The company manages a portfolio of more than 290 journals and over 2,350 books and book series volumes, as well as providing an extensive range of online products and additional customer resources and services.Emerald is both COUNTER 4 and TRANSFER compliant. The organization is a partner of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) and also works with Portico and the LOCKSS initiative for digital archive preservation.*Related content and download information correct at time of download. Purpose -The purpose of this paper is to explain why the high quality cassava flour (HQCF) value chain in Nigeria has not performed as well as expected. The specific objectives are to: analyse important sources of uncertainty influencing HQCF value chains; explore stakeholders' strategies to respond to uncertainty; and highlight the implications of different adaptation strategies for equity and the environment in the development of the value chain.Design/methodology/approach -The authors used a conceptual framework based on complex adaptive systems to analyse the slow development of the value chain for HQCF in Nigeria, with a specific focus on how key stakeholders have adapted to uncertainty. The paper is based on information from secondary sources and grey literature. In particular, the authors have drawn heavily on project documents of the Cassava: Adding Value for Africa project (2008 to present), which is funded by the Bill & Melinda Gates Foundation, and on the authors' experience with this project. Findings -Policy changes; demand and supply of HQCF; availability and price of cassava roots; supply and cost of energy are major sources of uncertainty in the chain. Researchers and government have shaped the chain through technology development and policy initiatives. Farmers adapted by selling cassava to rival chains, while processors adapted by switching to rival cassava products, reducing energy costs and vertical integration. However, with uncertainties in HQCF supply, the milling industry has reserved the right to play. Vertical integration offers millers a potential solution to uncertainty in HQCF supply, but raises questions about social and environmental outcomes in the chain.Research limitations/implications -The use of the framework of complex adaptive systems helped to explain the development of the HQCF value chain in Nigeria. The authors identified sources of uncertainty that have been pivotal in restricting value chain development, including changes in policy environment, the demand for and supply of HQCF, the availability and price of cassava roots, and the availability and cost of energy for flour ...

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Section: Productionmentioning

confidence: 54%

Section: Productionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Hqcf Value Chain In Nigeriamentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Responses To Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Responses To Uncertaintymentioning

confidence: 99%

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