Dramatic changes in the confluence morphology drived by an extreme hydrologic pulse: impacts to River Doce restoration

Abstract

On January 2022, the Carmo River (a tributary of the Doce River) was affected by an extreme hydrological event, with 50-yr return interval. This event was 50% higher than that associated to one of the largest tailing dam failures ever reported that took place in the Gualaxo do Norte River. This delivered to Doce River, through the Carmo River, in a Y-shaped confluence, the contaminated tailing slurry. In order to understand the role of tributaries in the recovery of the Doce River, 2D hydrodynamic and 2D sediment transport models were applied at the confluence of the Carmo River with the Piranga River. Our results, based on hydraulic modeling, remote sensing, and in-situ measurements, indicated that significant amounts of sediments were trapped on the riverbanks and stone banks, making this confluence an important site for the retention of contaminated sediments, influencing sediment budgets and downstream water quality. Therefore, this confluence deserves special attention from water engineering in order to prevent the sediments retained in this area from being transported downstream during extreme events in the coming years. These results can contribute to decision-making, to identify reaches with greater susceptibility to erosion and sediment deposition and to plan the restoration of these rivers.