Although Frances Burney’s readers have long recognized her theatricality, the extent to which her novels are infused by the theater has not yet been fully appreciated. I argue that theater is meaningful in her novels in at least three ways simultaneously: as a setting, as a dynamic in the heroines’ education, and as a formal principle of the novels’ designs. By identifying and analyzing the narrative innovations her theatricality sparks, including her experiments with free indirect discourse, I would recall for the history of the novel the importance of the stage, the other most important popular medium of its time, the ground-zero of her contemporary readers’ aesthetic experiences, as well as of 18th-century aesthetic theory.