Draining the tobacco swamps: Shaping the built environment to reduce tobacco retailer proximity to residents in 30 big US cities

Combs, Todd; Ornstein, Joseph T.; Chaitan, Veronica L.; Golden, Shelley D.; Henriksen, Lisa; Luke, Douglas A.

doi:10.1016/j.healthplace.2022.102815

Cited by 5 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 31 publications

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“…In keeping with the benchmark set by Combs et al, we projected the impact of a 50% reduction in retailers within medium-and high-density residential zones. 6 Reducing retailer density by half increases the average resident-to-retailer distance by 12.1% in medium-and high-density residential zones and by 6.4% in all of Wilmington. Imposing a density cap of one retailer per 1,000 residents would have an even greater impact on retailer density and distance, reducing the city's overall density to one from 2.38 tobacco retailers and increasing the average distance by 41.2%.…”

Section: Proposed Solutions For Wilmingtonmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Combs et al refer to areas with high concentrations of tobacco retailers as tobacco swamps. 6 In these areas, residents can be impacted by tobacco retailer proximity (as in the distance between residents and retailers), density (as in the number of retailers per geographic unit, or per capita), or both. 6 Living in close proximity to tobacco retailers-stores that are licensed to sell tobacco products (e.g., "corner stores")-contributes to a higher risk of cigarette smoking and a greater difficulty in quitting.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…6 In these areas, residents can be impacted by tobacco retailer proximity (as in the distance between residents and retailers), density (as in the number of retailers per geographic unit, or per capita), or both. 6 Living in close proximity to tobacco retailers-stores that are licensed to sell tobacco products (e.g., "corner stores")-contributes to a higher risk of cigarette smoking and a greater difficulty in quitting. 7 Individuals who currently smoke and live within 500 meters of a tobacco retailer are about half as likely to quit smoking as those outside of that radius.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“… 11 Many urban neighborhoods experience both proximity and density effects, and reducing tobacco retailer density by 50% has been shown to reduce the proportion of residents living within 500 meters of a tobacco retailer. 6 …”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Policy Recommendations for Reducing Tobacco Exposure for Youth and Adults in Wilmington, Delaware

Bourke¹,

Brooks²,

Siegel³

2022

Delaware Journal of Public Health

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Objective: To highlight and recommend policies that can be projected to reduce disproportionate tobacco exposure for youth and adults in Wilmington, Delaware's densest and most disadvantaged neighborhoods. Four policy options were drawn from the literature: pharmacy tobacco bans, zoning-based tobacco retailer reductions, residential density caps, and buffers around K-12 schools. Method: Changes in tobacco retailer density and resident-to-retailer distance in Wilmington's medium-and high-density residentially zoned neighborhoods were projected using GIS analysis of current conditions and projections for each of the four policies. Results: Banning tobacco sales in pharmacies was found to be least effective, while 500-meter buffers around K-12 schools was projected to have the greatest impact on both retailer density and resident-to-retailer distance. Policy Implications: As a result of these findings, the authors recommend a ban of tobacco sales with a 500-meter radius of all K-12 schools in the City of Wilmington.

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Section: Proposed Solutions For Wilmingtonmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 3 more Smart Citations

Policy Recommendations for Reducing Tobacco Exposure for Youth and Adults in Wilmington, Delaware

Bourke¹,

Brooks²,

Siegel³

2022

Delaware Journal of Public Health

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Neighbourhood inequities in the availability of retailers selling tobacco products: a systematic review

Kong,

Lee,

Halvorson-Fried

et al. 2024

Tob Control

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ObjectiveTo examine inequities in tobacco retailer availability by neighbourhood-level socioeconomic, racial/ethnic and same-sex couple composition.Data sourcesWe conducted a 10 November 2022 search of PubMed, PsycINFO, Global Health, LILACS, Embase, ABI/Inform, CINAHL, Business Source Complete, Web of Science and Scopus.Study selectionWe included records from Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development member countries that tested associations of area-level measures of tobacco retailer availability and neighbourhood-level sociodemographic characteristics. Two coders reviewed the full text of eligible records (n=58), including 41 records and 205 effect sizes for synthesis.Data extractionWe used dual independent screening of titles, abstracts and full texts. One author abstracted and a second author confirmed the study design, location, unit of analysis, sample size, retailer data source, availability measure, statistical approach, sociodemographic characteristic and unadjusted effect sizes.Data synthesisOf the 124 effect sizes related to socioeconomic inequities (60.5% of all effect sizes), 101 (81.5%) indicated evidence of inequities. Of 205 effect sizes, 69 (33.7%) tested associations between retailer availability and neighbourhood composition of racially and ethnically minoritised people, and 57/69 (82.6%) documented inequities. Tobacco availability was greater in neighbourhoods with more Black, Hispanic/Latine and Asian residents (82.8%, 90.3% and 40.0% of effect sizes, respectively). Two effect sizes found greater availability with more same-sex households.ConclusionsThere are stark inequities in tobacco retailer availability. Moving beyond documenting inequities to partnering with communities to design, implement, and evaluate interventions that reduce and eliminate inequities in retail availability is needed to promote an equitable retail environment.PROSPERO registration numberCRD42019124984.

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Bridges and Mechanisms: Integrating Systems Science Thinking into Implementation Research

Luke,

Powell,

Paniagua-Avila

2024

Annual Review of Public Health

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We present a detailed argument for how to integrate, or bridge, systems science thinking and methods with implementation science. We start by showing how fundamental systems science principles of structure, dynamics, information, and utility are relevant for implementation science. Then we examine the need for implementation science to develop and apply richer theories of complex systems. This can be accomplished by emphasizing a causal mechanisms approach. Identifying causal mechanisms focuses on the “cogs and gears” of public health, clinical, and organizational interventions. A mechanisms approach focuses on how a specific strategy will produce the implementation outcome. We show how connecting systems science to implementation science opens new opportunities for examining and addressing social determinants of health and conducting equitable and ethical implementation research. Finally, we present case studies illustrating successful applications of systems science within implementation science in community health policy, tobacco control, health care access, and breast cancer screening. Expected final online publication date for the Annual Review of Public Health, Volume 45 is April 2024. Please see http://www.annualreviews.org/page/journal/pubdates for revised estimates.

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Draining the tobacco swamps: Shaping the built environment to reduce tobacco retailer proximity to residents in 30 big US cities

Cited by 5 publications

References 31 publications

Policy Recommendations for Reducing Tobacco Exposure for Youth and Adults in Wilmington, Delaware

Policy Recommendations for Reducing Tobacco Exposure for Youth and Adults in Wilmington, Delaware

Neighbourhood inequities in the availability of retailers selling tobacco products: a systematic review

Bridges and Mechanisms: Integrating Systems Science Thinking into Implementation Research

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