Draining the Pleural Space: Lymphatic Vessels Facing the Most Challenging Task

Solari, Eleonora; Marcozzi, Cristiana; Ottaviani, Chiara; Negrini, Daniela; Moriondo, Andrea

doi:10.3390/biology11030419

Cited by 9 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 118 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…The lung provides a unique physiological challenge for lymphatic vessels, as the hydraulic pressure of the pleural fluid is subatmospheric. Thus, pleural lymphatics possess negative intraluminal pressure, which varies during the respiratory cycle [ 175 ]. Regardless of the unique challenges faced by lymphatic vessels in the lung, lymphatic dysfunction has identified roles in a variety of respiratory disorders affecting the lung [ 176 ] and is emerging as a key contributor to the pathogenesis of PF [ 177 ].…”

Section: Pulmonary Fibrosis and Fluid Clearancementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Sensory Nerves in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Norton

2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Pulmonary fibrosis results from the deposition and proliferation of extracellular matrix components in the lungs. Despite being an airway disorder, pulmonary fibrosis also has notable effects on the pulmonary vasculature, with the development and severity of pulmonary hypertension tied closely to patient mortality. Furthermore, the anatomical proximity of blood vessels, the alveolar epithelium, lymphatic tissue, and airway spaces highlights the need to identify shared pathogenic mechanisms and pleiotropic signaling across various cell types. Sensory nerves and their transmitters have a variety of effects on the various cell types within the lungs; however, their effects on many cell types and functions during pulmonary fibrosis have not yet been investigated. This review highlights the importance of gaining a new understanding of sensory nerve function in the context of pulmonary fibrosis as a potential tool to limit airway and vascular dysfunction.

show abstract

Section: Pulmonary Fibrosis and Fluid Clearancementioning

confidence: 99%

Role of Sensory Nerves in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Norton

2024

IJMS

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Intraperitoneal administration is different as the peritoneal cavity is in direct continuity with lymphatic vessels via lymphatic stomata (1.59-1.82 µm in diameter in humans (Ji-Chang and Shou-Min, 1991)), which are most abundant in the muscular diaphragm, and therefore intraperitoneal fluorescent tracers do not need to cross an epithelial or mesothelial layer to gain access to lymphatics (Isaza-Restrepo et al, 2018;Lee et al, 2019). Pleural stomata also directly connect parietal pleural lymphatics with the pleural space (Solari et al, 2022). Intrathecal (intraventricular or intracisternal) delivery of fluorescent agents has also been used to study lymphatics draining the cerebrospinal fluid (Ma et al, 2017).…”

Section: Administration Routementioning

confidence: 99%

Fluorescent Tracers for In Vivo Imaging of Lymphatic Targets

et al. 2022

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The lymphatic system continues to gain importance in a range of conditions, and therefore, imaging of lymphatic vessels is becoming more widespread for research, diagnosis, and treatment. Fluorescent lymphatic imaging offers advantages over other methods in that it is affordable, has higher resolution, and does not require radiation exposure. However, because the lymphatic system is a one-way drainage system, the successful delivery of fluorescent tracers to lymphatic vessels represents a unique challenge. Each fluorescent tracer used for lymphatic imaging has distinct characteristics, including size, shape, charge, weight, conjugates, excitation/emission wavelength, stability, and quantum yield. These characteristics in combination with the properties of the target tissue affect the uptake of the dye into lymphatic vessels and the fluorescence quality. Here, we review the characteristics of visible wavelength and near-infrared fluorescent tracers used for in vivo lymphatic imaging and describe the various techniques used to specifically target them to lymphatic vessels for high-quality lymphatic imaging in both clinical and pre-clinical applications. We also discuss potential areas of future research to improve the lymphatic fluorescent tracer design.

show abstract

“…Such results suggest that (a) diaphragmatic lymph flows down the pressure gradients arising between the pleural or peritoneal cavities and the lumen of diaphragmatic lymphatics draining from the respective serosal cavity [ 79 ]. Such gradients significantly exceed the transdiaphragmatic pressure gradients.…”

Section: Role Of Diaphragmatic Lymphatic In Pleural-peritoneal Draina...mentioning

confidence: 99%

Morphological, Mechanical and Hydrodynamic Aspects of Diaphragmatic Lymphatics

Negrini

2022

Biology

Self Cite

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The diaphragmatic lymphatic vascular network has unique anatomical characteristics. Studying the morphology and distribution of the lymphatic network in the mouse diaphragm by fluorescence-immunohistochemistry using LYVE-1 (a lymphatic endothelial marker) revealed LYVE1+ structures on both sides of the diaphragm—both in its the muscular and tendinous portion, but with different vessel density and configurations. On the pleural side, most LYVE1+ configurations are vessel-like with scanty stomata, while the peritoneal side is characterized by abundant LYVE1+ flattened lacy-ladder shaped structures with several stomata-like pores, particularly in the muscular portion. Such a complex, three-dimensional organization is enriched, at the peripheral rim of the muscular diaphragm, with spontaneously contracting lymphatic vessel segments able to prompt contractile waves to adjacent collecting lymphatics. This review aims at describing how the external tissue forces developing in the diaphragm, along with cyclic cardiogenic and respiratory swings, interplay with the spontaneous contraction of lymphatic vessel segments at the peripheral diaphragmatic rim to simultaneously set and modulate lymph flow from the pleural and peritoneal cavities. These details may provide useful in understanding the role of diaphragmatic lymphatics not only in physiological but, more so, in pathophysiological circumstances such as in dialysis, metastasis or infection.

show abstract

Draining the Pleural Space: Lymphatic Vessels Facing the Most Challenging Task

Cited by 9 publications

References 118 publications

Role of Sensory Nerves in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Role of Sensory Nerves in Pulmonary Fibrosis

Fluorescent Tracers for In Vivo Imaging of Lymphatic Targets

Morphological, Mechanical and Hydrodynamic Aspects of Diaphragmatic Lymphatics

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About