Drainage‐Subirrigation Effect on Water Quality in Georgia Flatwoods

Thomas, Daniel L.; Shirmohammadi, Adel; Lowrance, Richard; Smith, Matt C.

doi:10.1061/(asce)0733-9437(1991)117:1(123)

Cited by 14 publications

(6 citation statements)

References 5 publications

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“…Similarly, the decreased flow velocities and similar sediment substrates between the controlled drainage systems resulted in equal TIP and DIP load reductions. This data highlights that drainage ditches are useful in nutrient reductions confirming past work (Kröger et al 2007(Kröger et al , 2008b; Moore et al 2010;Needelman et al 2007), but also substantiates controlled drainage literature on the effectiveness of controlled drainage strategies in nutrient reductions (Shirmohammadi et al 1995;Thomas et al 1991;Borin et al 2001;Thomas et al 1995).…”

Section: Phosphorus Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 86%

Evidence for the Use of Low-Grade Weirs in Drainage Ditches to Improve Nutrient Reductions from Agriculture

Kröger

Moore

Farris

et al. 2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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Typical controlled drainage structures in drainage ditches provide drainage management strategies for isolated temporal periods. Innovative, lowgrade weirs are anticipated to provide hydraulic control on an annual basis, as well as be installed at multiple sites within the drainage ditch for improved spatial biogeochemical transformations. This study provides evidence toward the capacity of low-grade weirs for nutrient reductions, when compared to the typical controlled drainage structure of a slotted riser treatment. Three ditches with weirs were compared against three ditches with slotted risers, and two control ditches for hydraulic residence time (HRT) and nutrient reductions. There were no differences in water volume or HRT between weired and riser systems. Nutrient concentrations significantly decreased from inflow to outflow in both controlled drainage strategies, but there were few statistical differences in N and P concentration reductions between controlled drainage treatments. Similarly, there were significant declines in N and P loads, but no statistical differences in median N and P outflow loads between weir (W) and riser (R) ditches for dissolved inorganic phosphate (W, 92%; R, 94%), total inorganic phosphate (W, 86%; R, 88%), nitrate-N (W, 98%; R, 96%), and ammonium (W, 67%; R, 85%) when nutrients were introduced as runoff events. These results indicate the importance of HRT in improving nutrient reductions. Low-grade weirs should operate as important drainage control structures in reducing nutrient loads to downstream receiving systems if the hydraulic residence time of the system is significantly increased with multiple weirs, as a result of ditch length and slope.

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Section: Phosphorus Concentrationssupporting

confidence: 86%

Evidence for the Use of Low-Grade Weirs in Drainage Ditches to Improve Nutrient Reductions from Agriculture

Kröger

Moore

Farris

et al. 2011

Water Air Soil Pollut

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“…When managing subsurface drainage there is a need for designing conservation practices to address P delivery either within the subsurface drain (Sims et al, 1998) or prior to the runoff entering the tile drain system (Smith and Livingston, submitted for publication). Practices used to mitigate water and nutrient loss via tile drains can include water table management at the tile outlet (Martin et al, 1997;Ritzema et al, 2006;Strock et al, 2010;Thomas et al, 1991). Controlled drainage or controlled sub-irrigation slows runoff velocities, decreases outflow volumes, and increases the HRT of water in the soil profile (see later sections for further discussion).…”

Section: Subsurface Drainagementioning

confidence: 99%

Downstream approaches to phosphorus management in agricultural landscapes: Regional applicability and use

Kröger

Dunne

Novak³

et al. 2013

Science of The Total Environment

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This review provides a critical overview of conservation practices that are aimed at improving water quality by retaining phosphorus (P) downstream of runoff genesis. The review is structured around specific downstream practices that are prevalent in various parts of the United States. Specific practices that we discuss include the use of controlled drainage, chemical treatment of waters and soils, receiving ditch management, and wetlands. The review also focuses on the specific hydrology and biogeochemistry associated with each of those practices. The practices are structured sequentially along flowpaths as you move through the landscape, from the edge-of-field, to adjacent aquatic systems, and ultimately to downstream P retention. Often practices are region specific based on geology, cropping practices, and specific P related problems and thus require a right practice, and right place mentality to management. Each practice has fundamental P transport and retention processes by systems that can be optimized by management with the goal of reducing downstream P loading after P has left agricultural fields. The management of P requires a system-wide assessment of the stability of P in different biogeochemical forms (particulate vs. dissolved, organic vs. inorganic), in different storage pools (soil, sediment, streams etc.), and under varying biogeochemical and hydrological conditions that act to convert P from one form to another and promote its retention in or transport out of different landscape components. There is significant potential of hierarchically placing practices in the agricultural landscape and enhancing the associated P mitigation. But an understanding is needed of short- and long-term P retention mechanisms within a certain practice and incorporating maintenance schedules if necessary to improve P retention times and minimize exceeding retention capacity.

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“…In a twoyear study involving five on-farm sites in New Brunswick, flow-weighted average nitrate concentrations of the subdrain discharge were greater than 10 mg/L (Milbum et al, 1990 as cited by . Herbicides dinoseb and metribuzine used in potato production were also detected in the drain discharge (95% of positive samples <2 Jig/L) both during the year of application and again the following spring, but concentrations were less than detection limits 12 to 18 months after application Benefits of WT control on water quality are have been investigated under different soils, crops, and climatic conditions Thomas et al, 1991;Skaggs et al 1991). Few studies have reported on the benefits of WTM practices in reducing water quality degradation (Belcher, 1989;Aijoon et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of shallow water tables on soil aeration, water quality, and physiological growth of soybean

Sarwar

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Planting Irrigation Soil-air/water sampling procedure Dual-action syringe sampling assembly Analyzing chamber Soil-air/water analysis for oxygen concentration Experimental design and layout Statistical analysis RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Effect of water table depths on soil oxygen concentration 40 Effect of water table depths on soybean plant height Effect of water table depths on soybean yield 45 Effect of water table depths on shoot dry weight 47 Relation between soil oxygen concentration and plant height 48 Relation between soil oxygen concentration and soybean yield 48 CONCLUSIONS 49 REFERENCES FATE AND TRANSPORT OF NO3-N AND METOLACHLOR TO SHALLOW GROUNDWATER UNDER DIFFERENT WATER TABLE MANAGEMENT SYSTEMS

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Drainage‐Subirrigation Effect on Water Quality in Georgia Flatwoods

Cited by 14 publications

References 5 publications

Evidence for the Use of Low-Grade Weirs in Drainage Ditches to Improve Nutrient Reductions from Agriculture

Evidence for the Use of Low-Grade Weirs in Drainage Ditches to Improve Nutrient Reductions from Agriculture

Downstream approaches to phosphorus management in agricultural landscapes: Regional applicability and use

Effects of shallow water tables on soil aeration, water quality, and physiological growth of soybean

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