Drain for Gain: Managing salinity in irrigated lands—A review

Ritzema, H.P.

doi:10.1016/j.agwat.2016.05.014

Cited by 44 publications

(25 citation statements)

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“…The steady increase in canola yield clearly shows that the installation of subsurface drainage can have a very quick payback time. This observation is in agreement with many other studies [47][48][49][50], which showed that subsurface drainage could be an economic activity to improve crop production. Rice yield responded well to the different types of irrigation and drainage management strategies.…”

Section: Crop Yieldssupporting

confidence: 93%

Integrating Irrigation and Drainage Management to Sustain Agriculture in Northern Iran

Darzi‐Naftchali

Ritzema

2018

Sustainability

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In Iran, as in the rest of the world, land and water for agricultural production is under pressure. Integrating irrigation and drainage management may help sustain intensified agriculture in irrigated paddy fields. This study was aimed to investigate the long-term effects of such management strategies in a newly subsurface drained paddy field in a pilot area in Mazandaran Province, northern Iran. Three strategies for managing subsurface drainage systems were tested, i.e., free drainage (FD), midseason drainage (MSD), and alternate wetting and drying (AWD). The pilot area consisted of subsurface drainage systems, with different combinations of drain depth (0.65 and 0.90 m) and spacing (15 and 30 m). The traditional surface drainage of the region’s consolidated paddy fields was the control. From 2011 to 2017, water table depth, subsurface drainage system outflow and nitrate, total phosphorous, and salinity levels of the drainage effluent were monitored during four rice- and five canola-growing seasons. Yield data was also collected. MSD and AWD resulted in significantly lower drainage rates, salt loads, and N losses compared to FD, with MSD having the lowest rates. Phosphorus losses were low for all three practices. However, AWD resulted in 36% higher rice yields than MSD. Subsurface drainage resulted in a steady increase in canola yield, from 0.89 ton ha−1 in 2011–2012 to 2.94 ton ha−1 in 2016–2017. Overall, it can be concluded that managed subsurface drainage can increase both water productivity and crop yield in poorly drained paddy fields, and at the same time reduce or minimize negative environmental effects, especially the reduction of salt and nutrient loads in the drainage effluent. Based on the results, shallow subsurface drainage combined with appropriate irrigation and drainage management can enable sustained agricultural production in northern Iran’s paddy fields.

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Section: Crop Yieldssupporting

confidence: 93%

Integrating Irrigation and Drainage Management to Sustain Agriculture in Northern Iran

Darzi‐Naftchali

Ritzema

2018

Sustainability

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“…Nevertheless, regardless of the significance of drainage, only about 22% of the total irrigated lands are drained globally (Schultz et al, 2007). Salinization progresses rather slowly, therefore stakeholders see irrigation as a need for today and salinization as a problem of tomorrow (Ritzema, 2016). In humid regions drainage is required to control soil water for improved aeration and easier workability, while in arid and semi-arid regions its main purpose is to avoid irrigation-induced salinization of the soil (van Hoorn and van Alphen, 1994).…”

Section: Salinization Of Irrigated Landsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Rising groundwater tables and floods are common in humid regions, nevertheless they can also occur in semi-arid and arid regions. These high concentrations of nitrate are not likely to create a health risk now, but if left uncontrolled, will go on to rise, potentially to levels hazardous to health (Singh, 2015c(Singh, , 2016Ritzema, 2016). Water quality due to flooding can also become hazardous.…”

Section: Environmental Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

“…In humid regions drainage is required to control soil water for improved aeration and easier workability, while in arid and semi-arid regions its main purpose is to avoid irrigation-induced salinization of the soil (van Hoorn and van Alphen, 1994). Salinization progresses rather slowly, therefore stakeholders see irrigation as a need for today and salinization as a problem of tomorrow (Ritzema, 2016). Drainage, thus, has a lower priority compared to irrigation and other farming activities.…”

Section: Salinization Of Irrigated Landsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For instance, in the waterstressed Ica valley of Peru, groundwater pollution is taking place because of concentrations of nitrate over and above EU recommended bounds (Hepworth et al, 2010). These high concentrations of nitrate are not likely to create a health risk now, but if left uncontrolled, will go on to rise, potentially to levels hazardous to health (Singh, 2015c(Singh, , 2016Ritzema, 2016). Such contamination can be effectively controlled by an efficient drainage system.…”

Section: Environmental Perspectivementioning

confidence: 99%

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An Overview of Drainage and Salinization Problems of Irrigated Lands

Singh

2019

Irrigation and Drainage

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The development of irrigated agriculture is essential to feed the growing world population. Nevertheless, without proper drainage provisions, this development can result in salinization and rising groundwater table problems in irrigated areas. An effective drainage system not only improves existing agricultural lands but also brings new areas under cultivation. Poor drainage and the associated salinization cause a reduction in crop growth and yield and this reduction will be much higher if both salinization and submergence occur simultaneously. Drainage is necessary for humid as well as dry regions and it is one of the main inputs to obtain better yields per unit of agricultural area. The provision of drainage has many direct and indirect effects. This paper provides an overview of the drainage and salinization problems of irrigated lands and their impact on overall agricultural productivity. The significance of the study along with its goals and the historical development of agricultural drainage is provided. The processes involved in drainage‐associated salinization of irrigated lands and the effects of salinization and shallow groundwater tables on plant growth and yield and the environmental perspective of the problems are also detailed in the paper. Conclusions are provided that can be of use to the reader. © 2019 John Wiley & Sons, Ltd.

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Salinization and drainage problems of agricultural land

Singh

2020

Irrigation and Drainage

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The extension of irrigated agriculture is essential to fulfilling the mounting demand for food and fibre from a growing population which is anticipated to reach about 10 billion individuals in 2050. Lacking the necessary drainage, this extension can bring about salinization issues in irrigated regions. Continuous irrigation over many years with no adequate drainage services has led to huge agricultural regions becoming unproductive. Salinization problems linked to poor drainage are widespread in agricultural zones over the world. The aforementioned drainage-related salinization issues in agricultural land have been solved by using various methods and techniques. This paper presents an assessment of some non-conventional methods and strategies utilized for dealing with salinization and drainage issues of irrigated land. An indication of the drainage and salinization issues of irrigated areas and the significance of the study are given. Reasoning and foundation of the issues are presented. Numerical and analytical solutions of the problems are described. The drainage water management technique for managing nutrient losses from a drainage system is discussed. The analysis revealed that conjunctive water use with an increased groundwater proportion can to some extent manage the salinization and root-zone submergence problems of irrigated areas. K E Y W O R D S agricultural sustainability, conjunctive water use, drainage of irrigated land, drainage water management, land salinization Résumé L'extension de l'agriculture irriguée est essentielle pour répondre aux demandes croissantes de nourriture et de fibres pour la population croissante qui devrait contacter une dizaine de milliards d'individus en 2050. Sans des conditions de drainage adaptées, cette extension peut entraîner des problèmes de salinisation dans les régions irriguées. L'irrigation continue pendant de nombreuses années sans services de drainage adéquats a provoqué l'impossibilité à produire pour de vastes régions agricoles. Les problèmes de salinisation liés au mauvais drainage sont répandus dans les zones agricoles du monde entier. Les problèmes de salinisation des terres agricoles liés au * Problèmes de salinisation et de drainage des terres agricoles

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Drain for Gain: Managing salinity in irrigated lands—A review

Cited by 44 publications

References 47 publications

Integrating Irrigation and Drainage Management to Sustain Agriculture in Northern Iran

Integrating Irrigation and Drainage Management to Sustain Agriculture in Northern Iran

An Overview of Drainage and Salinization Problems of Irrigated Lands

Salinization and drainage problems of agricultural land

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