Drag reduction by acrylate copolymers under thermohydrolysis

Nechaev, A. I.; Voronina, Natalia S.; Стрельников, В. Н.; Вальцифер, В. А.

doi:10.1038/s41428-022-00649-5

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 31 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Under aqueous conditions, the polymer chains stretch due to favorable solvent–polymer interaction, leading to the developing elastic retractive force in the polymer network that balances the reduction in the entropy associated with the resistance of the polymer to the swelling-induced polymer network. , The degree of macro or micro scale swelling is impacted by the PAM dissolution conditions, such as temperature, pH, and the coexistence of metallic ions. , In fact, the presence of mono and bimetallic ions allows the presence of incomplete swelling due to the electrostatic interactions between the exposed carboxylate groups with alkali and alkaline earth metal, forming aggregates, negatively impacting the polymeric linearity, and reducing their tendency for hydration. To overcome the salinity issue, polymeric structural modifications were usually performed by adding some surfactants or copolymers, such as PEO or XG, to the HPAM backbone to alter the net charge of the existing molecules. ,,,− Recently, our research group has investigated the performance of virgin polymers of HPAM, XG, PEO, and mixtures of HPAM with XG and PEO at different salinity levels mimicking industrial conditions by using an industrial-scale fluid flow loop and a rotational rheometer. The effect of salinity levels on DR performance and degradation rates of virgin and mixture of polymers were studied and discussed.…”

Section: Factors Affecting Drag Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drag Reduction by Polymer Additives: State-of-the-Art Advancements in Experimental and Numerical Approaches

Baakeem,

Hashlamoun,

Hethnawi

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

This comprehensive literature review delves into various aspects of the drag reduction (DR) phenomenon. To address respective aspects as well as track authors and research outputs, a bibliometric analysis is conducted using VOSviewer software. Hence, the review encompasses an examination of the state-of-the-art mechanisms and methodologies for DR measurements and quantifications, employing both linear and rotational devices. Recent advancements in DR measurements and the application of closed-form relations via rotational flow devices as standalone testing techniques are presented, with a discussion on their potential to replace linear flow devices. Furthermore, the review highlights the drawbacks associated with commercially used polymers and explores recent research addressing these issues. Potential avenues for improving the DR performance of these polymers, such as chemical modifications to enhance DR performance and shear resistance, are examined. The review also explores the role and future possibilities of incorporating nanoparticles in DR. In addition, a thorough analysis of current numerical models used in simulating DR, along with their applications and limitations, are addressed. In summary, this review aims to comprehensively cover the advances in various aspects of the DR fields, catering to both industrial and academic audiences, and offering introductory and in-depth insights into the world of DR.

show abstract

Section: Factors Affecting Drag Reductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Drag Reduction by Polymer Additives: State-of-the-Art Advancements in Experimental and Numerical Approaches

Baakeem,

Hashlamoun,

Hethnawi

et al. 2024

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

show abstract

“…Furthermore, the mechanism of DRPs and the level of drag reduction have been investigated extensively and attributed to the flowrate 26 , the concentration of DRPs 27 , temperature 28 , 29 , flow channel geometry 30 , 31 , flow orientation 32 , phase distribution 20 , 33 , viscoelasticity 34 , and DRP molecular weight and its bond structure 19 , 35 . According to Karami and Mowla 35 , two opinions explain the existing drag reduction mechanisms.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Experimental insights into energy savings and future directions of drag reducing polymers in multiphase flow pipelines

Alsurakji

Al–Sarkhi²,

El‐Qanni

et al. 2023

Sci Rep

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

Frictional pressure drop has been grasping the attention of many industrial applications associated with multi-phase and academia. Alongside the United Nations, the 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development calls for the exigency of giving attention to economic growth, a considerable reduction in power consumption is necessary to co-up with this vision and to adhere to energy-efficient practices. Thereinto, drag-reducing polymers (DRPs), which do not require additional infrastructure, are a much better option for increasing energy efficiency in a series of critical industrial applications. Therefore, this study evaluates the effects of two DRPs—polar water-soluble polyacrylamide (DRP-WS) and nonpolar oil-soluble polyisobutylene (DRP-OS)—on energy efficiency for single-phase water and oil flows, two-phase air–water and air-oil flows, and three-phase air–oil–water flow. The experiments were conducted using two different pipelines; horizontal polyvinyl chloride with an inner diameter of 22.5 mm and horizontal stainless steel with a 10.16 mm internal diameter. The energy-efficiency metrics are performed by investigating the head loss, percentage saving in energy consumption (both per unit pipe length), and throughput improvement percentage (%TI). The larger pipe diameter was used in experiments for both DRPs, and it was discovered that despite the type of flow or variations in liquid and air flow rates, there was a reduction in head loss, an increase in energy savings, and an increase in the throughput improvement percentage. In particular, DRP-WS is found to be more promising as an energy saver and the consequent savings in the infrastructure cost. Hence, equivalent experiments of DRP-WS in two-phase air–water flow using a smaller pipe diameter show that the head loss drastically increases. However, the percentage saving in power consumption and throughput improvement percentage is significantly compared with that found in the larger pipe. Thus, this study found that DRPs can improve energy efficiency in various industrial applications, with DRP-WS being particularly promising as an energy saver. However, the effectiveness of these polymers may vary depending on the flow type and pipe diameter.

show abstract

“…In fact, the linear polymeric chain structure is considered as a major role player in achieving an effective friction reducer structure. To avoid such challenging issues associated with working under saline conditions, several reported works – suggested performing some polymeric structural modifications through introducing some surfactants or copolymers into the HPAM backbone to alter the net charge of the existing molecules. Generating such systems, through mixtures of polymer additives, will make up a tolerant friction reducer that is able to work under diverse saline conditions. ,– For instance, Mohammadtabar et al performed a comparative study on virgin polymers of HPAM, poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), and xanthan gum (XG) under turbulent flow conditions ( Re = 20 600) using a fluid flow loop.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Effect of Salinity on Drag Reduction of Additives and Mixtures under Turbulent Flow

Hashlamoun,

Hethnawi,

Bakir

et al. 2023

Ind. Eng. Chem. Res.

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

The performance of partially hydrolyzed polyacrylamide (HPAM), which is the most commercially used polymer in drag reduction (DR) applications, is affected by several factors. These factors include Reynolds number, polymeric concentration, molecular weight, and, more importantly, salinity conditions, which can dramatically impact the polymeric structure and its behavior. In the current work, a deep analysis is done on the performance of HPAM at salinity levels mimicking industrial conditions by using an industrialscale fluid flow loop and a rotational rheometer. The impact of salinity on DR performance and degradation rates of HPAM was investigated at various molecular weights and a fixed concentration and then fitted with exponential decay models. Then, measurements of DR of the additives alone at different concentrations as well as blends of two saltresisting polymers, i.e., xanthan gum (XG) and poly(ethylene oxide) (PEO), were analyzed in tap water and in brine at different mass ratios. Our results showed that the presence of salts led to the drop of the DR of HPAM to almost half its value in tap water, while PEO was found to have an increase in the DR, and XG maintained nearly the same performance. The HPAM−XG mixtures had higher levels of improvement in both media and a slight improvement in the DR in brine over those of HPAM measurements alone. In the case of the HPAM−PEO mixture, the DR is substantially increased compared to HPAM alone. The results of this work confirm that conventional solutions, represented by the physical mixing of HPAM with inexpensive and environmentally friendly additives, are possible and can lead to a massive reduction in energy and freshwater consumption in industrial applications such as hydraulic fracturing.

show abstract

Drag reduction by acrylate copolymers under thermohydrolysis

Cited by 3 publications

References 31 publications

Drag Reduction by Polymer Additives: State-of-the-Art Advancements in Experimental and Numerical Approaches

Drag Reduction by Polymer Additives: State-of-the-Art Advancements in Experimental and Numerical Approaches

Experimental insights into energy savings and future directions of drag reducing polymers in multiphase flow pipelines

Effect of Salinity on Drag Reduction of Additives and Mixtures under Turbulent Flow

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About