Drag and lift contribution to the incipient motion of partly submerged flooded vehicles

Arrighi, Chiara; Alcérreca‐Huerta, Juan Carlos; Oumeraci, Hocine; Castelli, Fabio

doi:10.1016/j.jfluidstructs.2015.06.010

Cited by 39 publications

(48 citation statements)

References 24 publications

(38 reference statements)

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“…The definition of the dimensionless mobility parameter for people instability under water flow follows the procedure adopted for the introduction of the mobility parameter for vehicles' incipient motion as in Arrighi et al (2015). It starts with defining the forces acting on the body and then proceeds with the separation of dynamic and static actions in order to identify relevant dimensionless groups of variables.…”

Section: Dimensionless Mobility Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…It is widely recognized that, in developed countries, the majority of flood-related fatalities occurs as a result of inexperienced people entering floodwater either in boats, vehicles or on foot (Franklin et al, 2014). Many studies (Jonkman and Kelman, 2005;Maples and Tiefenbacher, 2009;Fitzgerald et al, 2010;Kellar, 2010) have shown that the first cause of death during a flood event is related to roads and vehicles (Arrighi et al, 2015). Jonkman and Kelman (2005) reported that in the Netherlands 33 % of deaths from drowning occur in a vehicle and 25 % as a pedestrian.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…related to hydraulics and body shape) are capable of explaining most of the variability observed in the experiments or if non-hydraulic parameters are still relevant. The dimensionless criterion also allows for comparing the instability conditions of people with the incipient motion conditions of vehicles (Arrighi et al, 2015), thus providing a framework for societal risk assessment, risk management and education. Particularly for educational purposes, the use of dimensionless quantities may favour the definition of safety rules; e.g.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamics of pedestrians' instability in floodwaters

Arrighi

Oumeraci

Castelli

2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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Abstract. People's safety is the first objective to be fulfilled by flood risk mitigation measures, and according to existing reports on the causes of casualties, most of the fatalities are due to inappropriate behaviour such as walking or driving in floodwaters. Currently available experimental data on people instability in floodwaters suffer from a large dispersion primarily depending on the large variability of the physical characteristics of the subjects. This paper introduces a dimensionless mobility parameter θ P for people partly immersed in flood flows, which accounts for both flood and subject characteristics. The parameter θ P is capable of identifying a unique threshold of instability depending on a Froude number, thus reducing the scatter of existing experimental data. Moreover, a three-dimensional (3-D) numerical model describing the detailed geometry of a human body and reproducing a selection of critical pairs of water depth and velocity is presented. The numerical results in terms of hydrodynamic forces and force coefficients are analysed and discussed. Both the mobility parameter θ P and the numerical results hint at the crucial role of the Froude number and relative submergence as the most relevant dimensionless numbers to interpret the loss of stability. Finally, the mobility parameter θ P is compared with an analogous dimensionless parameter for vehicles' instability in floodwaters, providing a new contribution to support flood risk management and educating people.

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Section: Dimensionless Mobility Parametersmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Hydrodynamics of pedestrians' instability in floodwaters

Arrighi

Oumeraci

Castelli

2017

Hydrol. Earth Syst. Sci.

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“…(1) here modified to account for any given flow orientation after Arrighi et al (2015) yields a relation between the square of Froude number…”

Section: Dimensionless Instability Diagram For Flooded Vehiclesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Moreover, the different contribution of the hydrodynamic forces and the influence of flow regime on the mechanism of the onset of motion has been numerically studied by Arrighi et al (2015).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Vehicles instability criteria for flood risk assessment of a street network

et al. 2016

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Abstract. The mutual interaction between floods and human activity is a process, which has been evolving over history and has shaped flood risk pathways. In developed countries, many events have illustrated that the majority of the fatalities during a flood occurs in a vehicle, which is considered as a safe shelter but it may turn into a trap for several combinations of water depth and velocity. Thus, driving a car in floodwaters is recognized as the most crucial aggravating factor for people safety. On the other hand, the entrainment of vehicles may locally cause obstructions to the flow and induce the collapse of infrastructures. Flood risk to vehicles can be defined as the combination of the probability of a vehicle of being swept away (i.e. the hazard) and the actual traffic/parking density, i.e. the vulnerability. Hazard for vehicles can be assessed through the spatial identification and mapping of the critical conditions for vehicles incipient motion. This analysis requires a flood map with information on water depth and velocity and consistent instability criteria accounting for flood and vehicles characteristics. Vulnerability is evaluated thanks to the road network and traffic data. Therefore, vehicles flood risk mapping can support people's education and management practices in order to reduce the casualties. In this work, a flood hazard classification for vehicles is introduced and an application to a real case study is presented and discussed.

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