Draft Genome Sequences of Two Streptococcus pyogenes Strains Involved in Abnormal Sharp Raised Scarlet Fever in China, 2011

Streptococcus pyogenes (group A streptococcus; GAS) is a strict human pathogen with a very high prevalence worldwide. This review highlights the genetic organization of the species and the important ecological considerations that impact its evolution. Recent advances are presented on the topics of molecular epidemiology, population biology, molecular basis for genetic change, genome structure and genetic flux, phylogenomics and closely related streptococcal species, and the long- and short-term evolution of GAS. The application of whole genome sequence data to addressing key biological questions is discussed.

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Molecular epidemiology and genomics of group A Streptococcus

Bessen

McShan

Nguyen

et al. 2015

Infection, Genetics and Evolution

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Emergence of scarlet fever Streptococcus pyogenes emm12 clones in Hong Kong is associated with toxin acquisition and multidrug resistance

et al. 2014

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A scarlet fever outbreak began in mainland China and Hong Kong in 2011 (refs. 1-6). Macrolide- and tetracycline-resistant Streptococcus pyogenes emm12 isolates represent the majority of clinical cases. Recently, we identified two mobile genetic elements that were closely associated with emm12 outbreak isolates: the integrative and conjugative element ICE-emm12, encoding genes for tetracycline and macrolide resistance, and prophage ΦHKU.vir, encoding the superantigens SSA and SpeC, as well as the DNase Spd1 (ref. 4). Here we sequenced the genomes of 141 emm12 isolates, including 132 isolated in Hong Kong between 2005 and 2011. We found that the introduction of several ICE-emm12 variants, ΦHKU.vir and a new prophage, ΦHKU.ssa, occurred in three distinct emm12 lineages late in the twentieth century. Acquisition of ssa and transposable elements encoding multidrug resistance genes triggered the expansion of scarlet fever-associated emm12 lineages in Hong Kong. The occurrence of multidrug-resistant ssa-harboring scarlet fever strains should prompt heightened surveillance within China and abroad for the dissemination of these mobile genetic elements.

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Clinical Analysis of 113 Cases with Scarlet Fever in Children

黄¹

2016

ACRP

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Objective: To analyze the clinical features of scarlet fever in children. Methods: The medical records of 113 cases with fever and erythema that had been confirmed scarlet fever by bacterial culture of throat swab were analyzed retrospectively. Results: In total, 113 cases of scarlet fever in children with etiological diagnosis were analyzed, including 70 males and 43 females. Age distribution ranged from 1 to 12 years, including 88 cases (77.9%) of 4-7 years old group. 90 cases (79.6%) have fever. All have erythema and 73 cases (64.6%) with the typical congestive chickenskin miliary erythema. 83 cases (73.4%) have obviously congestion on oral mucosa; 14 cases (12.4%) have cicumoral pallor and 20 cases (17.7%) have Pastia's lines. 103 cases (91.2%) have erythema at trunk. 14 cases of primary diagnosis have scarlet fever. There is no severe complication in all cases. Conclusions: The high risk populations of scarlet fever are preschool and school children. The clinical symptoms tend to slightly and atypical. There are no rapid laboratory methods to diagnose, and hardly to diagnose and treat early. Obviously congestion on oral mucosa is an early clinical manifestation of scarlet fever except for typical erythema, and should be intensely researched.

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Draft Genome Sequences of Two Streptococcus pyogenes Strains Involved in Abnormal Sharp Raised Scarlet Fever in China, 2011

Cited by 3 publications

References 18 publications

Molecular epidemiology and genomics of group A Streptococcus

Molecular epidemiology and genomics of group A Streptococcus

Emergence of scarlet fever Streptococcus pyogenes emm12 clones in Hong Kong is associated with toxin acquisition and multidrug resistance

Clinical Analysis of 113 Cases with Scarlet Fever in Children

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