It has been confirmed that Fad12 (∆12 fatty acid desaturase) and Fad15 (∆15 fatty acid desaturase) were responsible for the synthesis of linoleic acid (C18:2, ∆9,12) and linolenic acid (C18:3, ∆9,12,15), respectively. In order to know their function in cold growth of the psychrophilic yeast Metschnikowia australis W7-5, the FAD12 gene and FAD15 gene were deleted, respectively. The intracellular linoleic acid percentage of the obtained Δfad12 mutant was decreased from 27.1–1.5% while the percentage of C18:1 fatty acid was increased from 28.3–55.7%. The growth rate of the Δfad12 mutant was significantly reduced when it was cultured at 5 ℃ and 25 ℃ compared with that of the wild type strain W7-5 under the same conditions. But at 15°C, the mutant grew as well as its wild type strain W7-5. Although C18:3 fatty acid of the Δfad15 strain were not detected, there was no significant difference between the growth of Δfad15 and that of the W7-5 strain at different temperatures. After the FAD12 gene was supplemented, the growth at different temperatures and intracellular fatty acid compositions of the supplementing strain were restored compared to those of the strain W7-5. These results suggested that only linoleic acid synthesized by the psychrophilic yeast, not linolenic acid synthesized, played an important role in adaptation to low temperature (5°C) and high temperature (25°C) of the psychrophilic yeast, Meanwhile, it was found that cell wall in the mutant Δfad12 grown at 5 and 25°C was also negatively affected after the mutant could not synthesize C18:2 fatty acids. This caused the reduced cell growth rate of the mutant Δfad12 grown at 5 and 25°C.