“…Clinical and preclinical studies have reported that ketamine injections, both acute and subchronic, lead to memory impairments in humans [ 69 ], monkeys [ 70 ], and rodents [ 71 , 72 , 73 ]. Ketamine has also been shown to impair spontaneous alterations as a function of spatial working memory [ 74 , 75 ]. Moreover, ketamine can exert anxiety-like behavior [ 76 , 77 ], altered social behavior [ 78 , 79 ], hyperlocomotion [ 66 , 80 ], and impaired sensorimotor gating [ 81 , 82 ].…”