Doxorubicin and Quercetin Double Loading in Modified MCM-41 Lowered Cardiotoxicity in H9c2 Cardioblast Cells In Vitro

Abstract

Background: One of the therapeutic limitations of the use of doxorubicin (DOX) as an anticancer drug is its cardiotoxicity. Its hydrophilicity also causes difficulties in achieving sustained release. The simultaneous delivery with the well-known natural antioxidant quercetin could ameliorate its cardiotoxicity. Thus, the main aim of this work is to study the potential of carboxylated and non-carboxylated mesoporous silica MCM-41 nanoparticles for double loading of the hydrophilic doxorubicin hydrochloride and hydrophobic quercetin (Q) in one nanocarrier with a modified release pattern to reduce the cardiotoxic side effects of doxorubicin in vitro. Methods: The methods included the modification of MCM-41, single and double loading of modified and non-modified MCM-41, physicochemical characterization, in vitro release tests and kinetic study, and in vitro cell viability studies. Results: Doxorubicin and quercetin were successfully double-loaded with encapsulation efficiency (EE) of 43 ± 4.1% and 37 ± 4.5%, respectively, in native MCM-41. The post-synthetic carboxylation led to 49 ± 4.3% EE (DOX) and 36 ± 4.0% (Q) and double lowering of the cardiotoxicity on H9c2 (IC50 = 5.96 µm). Sustained release profiles over 72 h were achieved. Conclusions: A successful procedure was proposed for the efficient double loading of a hydrophilic drug and a hydrophobic drug. The carboxy-modified double-loaded nanosystems demonstrate a decreased in vitro cardiotoxicity of doxorubicin and can be considered as a potential chemotherapeutic formulation.

Thermosensitive Hydrogel-Functionalized Mesoporous Silica Nanoparticles for Parenteral Application of Chemotherapeutics

“…Some very suitable inorganic nanocarriers to be functionalized with appropriate hydrogel gatekeeper are mesoporous silica nanoparticles (MSNs) [ 19 , 25 ]. MSNs are characterized by a high specific surface area, an adjustable pore size, high hydrothermal stability, a large pore volume, biocompatibility and very low toxicity [ 19 , 26 , 27 , 28 , 29 ]. Moreover, their internal and external surface is highly covered with silanol groups, which can easily undergo functionalization [ 29 ].…”