Downtown Los Angeles 52-Story High-Rise and Free-Field Response to an Oil Refinery Explosion

Kohler, Monica D.; Massari, Anthony; Heaton, Thomas H.; Kanamori, Hiroo; Hauksson, Egill; Guy, Richard; Clayton, Robert W.; Bunn, J.; Chandy, K. Mani

doi:10.1193/062315eqs101m

Cited by 14 publications

(8 citation statements)

References 21 publications

(31 reference statements)

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“…Several small-and moderate-size earthquake recordings made by CSN from this building, for example, the earthquake records shown in Figure 2, were used for model validation. The first few translational resonant frequencies of this building in the horizontal directions are ∼0:2, 0.6, and 1.2 Hz (Kohler et al, 2016).…”

mentioning

confidence: 88%

“…The Community Seismic Network (CSN) is one of these low-cost networks, expanding at a steady rate and now consisting of 900 active accelerometer sensors deployed in the urban region of the Los Angeles basin, including on multiple floors of buildings (Clayton et al, 2011(Clayton et al, , 2015Kohler et al, 2013Kohler et al, , 2014. Because the cost of the sensors is low, making them easy to install at high densities over small areas, it is critical to be able to interpret data recorded by the sensors in the face of continuously changing environments subjected to shaking and damage from earthquakes, natural hazards such as wind storms, and anthropogenic hazards such as explosions (Kohler et al, 2016). Community-hosted seismic arrays such as CSN are now making it possible to analyze vibration data on a small spatial scale because of the deployment of up to three triaxial accelerometers per floor.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Detection of Building Damage Using Helmholtz Tomography

Kohler

Allam

Massari

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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High-rise buildings with dense permanent installations of continuously recording accelerometers offer a unique opportunity to observe temporal and spatial variations in the propagation properties of seismic waves. When precise, floor-by-floor measurements of frequency-dependent travel times can be made, accurate models of material properties (e.g., stiffness or rigidity) can be determined using seismic tomographic imaging techniques. By measuring changes in the material properties, damage to the structure can be detected and localized after shaking events such as earthquakes. Here, seismic Helmholtz tomography is applied to simulated waveform data from a high-rise building, and its feasibility is demonstrated. A 52-story dual system building-braced-frame core surrounded by an outrigger steel moment frame-in downtown Los Angeles is used for the computational basis. It is part of the Community Seismic Network and has a three-component accelerometer installed on every floor. A finite-element model of the building based on structural drawings is used for the computation of synthetic seismograms for 60 damage scenarios in which the stiffness of the building is perturbed in different locations across both adjacent and distributed floors and to varying degrees. The dynamic analysis loading function is a Gaussian pulse applied to the lowest level fixed boundary condition, producing a broadband response on all floors. After narrowband filtering the synthetic seismograms and measuring the maximum amplitude, the frequency-dependent travel times and differential travel times are computed. The travel-time and amplitude measurements are converted to shear-wave velocity at each floor via the Helmholtz wave equation whose solutions can be used to track perturbations to wavefronts through densely sampled wavefields. These results provide validation of the method's application to recorded data from real buildings to detect and locate structural damage using earthquake, explosion, or ambient seismic noise data in near-real time. Electronic Supplement: Table and figures describing nine additional velocity imaging tests that were run using the same procedure described in the main article.

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confidence: 88%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Detection of Building Damage Using Helmholtz Tomography

Kohler

Allam

Massari

et al. 2018

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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“…The building was constructed in 1988 and is used exclusively as an office building. Examples of earthquake and ambient noise waves propagating in this building, as recorded by the dense CSN network, are shown in Clayton et al (2015) and Kohler et al (2016). The performance of the building, including modal frequencies, velocity, and damping variations is described in Celebi et al (2016) and Kohler et al (2016).…”

Section: Example Of a 52-story Buildingmentioning

confidence: 99%

Damage Detection by Template Matching of Scattered Waves

Massari

Clayton

Kohler

2018

Bulletin of the Seismological Society of America

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A method based on template matching is presented to detect and locate damage in buildings following severe shaking by an earthquake. The templates are constructed by finite-element simulations of a suite of damage scenarios, with the solutions evaluated at the location (and orientation) of each sensor in the structure. The damage detection is carried out by cross-correlating the templates with recordings acquired from earthquakes. A dense distributed network of sensors is important for detecting anomalies in the presence of ambient noise. The cross correlation of the templates with themselves provides a measure of the resolution of the damage location.

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“…Full‐scale structures, in situ, represent the most relevant testbed for the development, testing, and validation of methods for forward and inverse problems in earthquake and wind engineering, including soil–structure system identification and structural health monitoring (SHM) . Although the number of instrumented structures has been increasing with time, the number of densely instrumented structures is still small even worldwide . This paper presents a new such site being developed in China, with a relatively dense sensor network and some unique features.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A new full‐scale testbed for structural health monitoring and soil–structure interaction studies: Kunming 48‐story office building in Yunnan province, China

Todorovska

Niu

Lin

et al. 2020

Struct Control Health Monit

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Summary This paper introduces a new and unique full‐scale testbed site for structural health monitoring and soil–structure system identification studies being developed in southwest China. The site is a 48‐story skyscraper with an extended four‐level basement, supported by piles, located in Kunming, the capital of Yunnan Province. Located in the diffused zone of collision of the Indian and Eurasian tectonic plates, Yunnan is one of the most active seismic areas in mainland China. The final sensor deployment will consist of 43 triaxial accelerometers (129 channels) and one weather station. The accelerometer array comprises (a) a structural array of 25 accelerometers installed at 10 levels aboveground, (b) a basement array of 14 accelerometers distributed in the first and fourth basements, and (c) two borehole arrays installed close to the basement perimeter wall, each with one accelerometers at the surface and another one at 50‐m depth, which is the depth reached by the piles. With such dense instrumentation of structure, basement, and pile foundation, this site will be the first permanently instrumented full‐scale testbed to enable identification of a soil‐foundation–basement‐structure system and validation of many assumptions commonly made in the prediction of the soil–structure interaction effects. A high‐performance wired local area network has been installed in the building, featuring a Precision Time Protocol‐enabled time synchronization and real‐time remote access over the Internet. The site will be fully operational in late spring of 2020. Results of preliminary system identification of the structure from ambient vibration test data are presented.

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Downtown Los Angeles 52-Story High-Rise and Free-Field Response to an Oil Refinery Explosion

Cited by 14 publications

References 21 publications

Detection of Building Damage Using Helmholtz Tomography

Detection of Building Damage Using Helmholtz Tomography

Damage Detection by Template Matching of Scattered Waves

A new full‐scale testbed for structural health monitoring and soil–structure interaction studies: Kunming 48‐story office building in Yunnan province, China

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