Downscaling a multicommuted flow injection analysis system for the photometric determination of iodate in table salt

An Environmental Friendly Procedure for Photometric Determination of Hypochlorite in Tap Water Employing a Miniaturized Multicommuted Flow Analysis Setup

“…Nominally, the solenoid micropumps used in this work should deliver a solution volume of 8  μ L per stroke, nevertheless, in an earlier work, it was verified that volume delivered per stroke was lower than the expected value [28]. Thus, considering this fact, the volume of solution delivered by stroke under working condition was determined, and was done by applying for each micropump 10 On/Off pulses.…”

“…Reduction of reagent consumption and waste generation are among the requisites necessary to attain the GAC recommendation [18, 19], and the volumes of solutions delivered by the solenoid micropumps per stroke have been used to calculate reagent consumption and waste generation [28]. Nominally, the solenoid micropumps used in this work should deliver a solution volume of 8  μ L per stroke, nevertheless, in an earlier work, it was verified that volume delivered per stroke was lower than the expected value [28].…”

“…A homemade flow cell machined in acrylic, with an optical path length of 20 mm and an inner diameter of 1.0 mm, and a homemade bubble-removing microdevice machined in acrylic, with an inner volume of 10  μ L, was similar to that used elsewhere [28]. All flow lines were of Tygon tubing with 0.56 mm inner diameters.…”

“…Multicommuted flow analysis (MCFA) [20–22] and multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) [18, 23] are efficient tools for handling low volumes of sample and reagent solutions, thus providing facilities to save them. Solenoid minipumps have been employed to propel solution in flow analysis systems replacing the peristaltic pump, presenting as an advantage small dimension [24–26], a feature that has been exploited in order to downscale the flow system [27, 28]. This downscaling approach seems to be a powerful tool to develop analytical procedure focused to the GAC recommendation.…”

Development of a high sensitive automatic setup for screening of microcystins in surface waters by employing a LED-based photometric detector

“…Sequential injection analysis (SIA) [21][22][23], multisyringe flow injection analysis (MSFIA) [24,25], and multicommuted flow analysis (MCFA) [26][27][28][29] approaches afford facilities for developing automated analytical procedures using lower volumes of sample and reagent solution than those based on the usual flow injection analysis (FIA) [27,28]. In this work, the facilities afforded by the MCFA approach [32][33][34], is employed to develop a setup for microcystin screening in surface water. A setup, including a manifold for handling sample solution and a LED-based photometer, is designed to allow three sampling runs to be performed using a sample volume of 200 L, in such a way that low levels of microcystin could be detected.…”