Downregulation of the Musca domestica peptidoglycan recognition protein SC (PGRP-SC) leads to overexpression of antimicrobial peptides and tardy pupation

YiFu, Gao; Tang, Ting; Gu, Jianlan; Sun, Lingling; Gao, Xiaobin; Ma, Xianyong; Wang, Xiaochun; Liu, Fengsong; Wang, Jianhui

doi:10.1016/j.molimm.2015.08.007

Cited by 30 publications

(27 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…S13). PGRP-SC genes in both D. melanogaster [126] and M. domestica [127] are also expressed in larvae, but this expression is not exclusive suggesting the possibility that larval-specific expression may be an S. calcitrans innovation.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional genomics of the stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

Pu¹,

Aksoy²,

et al. 2019

Preprint

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57Background: The stable fly, Stomoxys calcitrans, is a major blood-feeding pest of livestock that 58 has near worldwide distribution, causing an annual cost of over $2 billion for control and product 59 loss in the United States alone. Control of these flies has been limited to increased sanitary 60 management practices and insecticide application for suppressing larval stages. Few genetic 61 and molecular resources are available to help in developing novel methods for controlling stable 62 flies. 63 64 Results: This study examines stable fly biology by utilizing a combination of high-quality 65 genome sequencing, microbiome analyses, and RNA-seq analyses targeting multiple 66 developmental stages and tissues. In conjunction, manual curation of over 1600 genes was 67 used to examine gene content related to stable fly reproduction, interactions with their host, 68 host-microbe dynamics, and putative routes for control. Most notable was establishment of 69 reproduction-associated genes and identification of expanded vision, chemosensation, immune 70 repertoire, and metabolic detoxification pathway gene families. 71 72 Conclusions: The combined sequencing, assembly, and curation of the male stable fly genome 73 followed by RNA-seq and downstream analyses provide insights necessary to understand the 74 biology of this important pest. These resources and knowledge will provide the groundwork for 75 expanding the tools available to control stable fly infestations. The close relationship of 76 Stomoxys to other blood-feeding (Glossina) and non-blood-feeding flies (medflies, Drosophila, 77 house flies) will allow for understanding the evolution of blood feeding among Cyclorrhapha 78 flies. 79 80 immunity 83 Additional File 1: Supplementary Material; Additional File 2: Supplementary Tables 84 Supplementary Dataset Files: 10 85 109 or a contaminated substrate to a susceptible host, association between specific vector and 110 pathogen is not necessary) of Equine infectious anemia, African swine fever, West Nile, and Rift 111 Valley Viruses, Trypanosoma spp., and Besnoitia spp. (reviewed by [13]). The apparent low 112 vector competence of stable flies implicates the importance of immune system pathways not 113 only in regulating larval survival in microbe-rich environments but also in the inability of 114 pathogens to survive and replicate in the adult midgut following ingestion [14-16]. 115 Stable fly mate location and recognition are largely dependent upon visual cues and contact 116 pheromones [17, 18], and gravid females identify suitable oviposition sites through a 117 combination of olfactory and contact chemostimuli along with physical cues [19, 20]. Since 118 stable flies infrequently associate with their hosts, feeding only 1 to 2 times per day, on-animal 119 5 and pesticide applications are less effective control efforts than those that integrate sanitation 120 practices with fly population suppression by way of traps [21]. Given the importance of 121 chemosensory and vision pathways, repellents have been ident...

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Functional genomics of the stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

Pu¹,

Aksoy²,

et al. 2019

Preprint

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

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“…It is worth noting that the IMD pathway-mediated AMPs [30] attacin (figure 2a,b) and coleoptericin showed higher correlations to microbe load than Toll pathway-mediated AMPs did in our study (electronic supplementary material, table S4), suggesting some fine-tuning of signalling in response to the type of peptidoglycan that Bt expresses. However, the gene PGRP-SC2, which digests similar peptidoglycan molecules in D. melanogaster [31] and other insects [32] to prevent them from inducing immunopathology, is also among the set of genes most highly correlated to microbe load. These processes might represent an evolutionary compromise between balancing resistance and tolerance of infection [7,27] under pressure from a community of microbial and parasitic threats that all differ in growth rate, virulence and ability to subvert host defences.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dissecting the contributions of time and microbe density to variation in immune gene expression

Tate

Graham

2017

Proc. R. Soc. B.

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Widespread differential expression of immunological genes is a hallmark of the response to infection in almost all surveyed taxa. However, several challenges remain in the attempt to connect differences in gene expression with functional outcomes like parasite killing and host survival. For example, temporal gene expression patterns are not always monotonic (unidirectional slope), yielding results that qualitatively depend on the time point selected for analysis. They may also be correlated to microbe density, confounding the strength of an immune response and resistance to parasites. In this study, we analyse these relationships in an mRNA-seq time series of infected with Our results suggest that many extracellular immunological components with known roles in immunity, like antimicrobial peptides and recognition proteins, are highly correlated to microbe load. On the other hand, intracellular components of immunological signalling pathways overwhelmingly show non-monotonic temporal patterns of gene expression, despite the underlying assumption of monotonicity in most ecological and comparative transcriptomics studies that rely on cross-sectional analyses. Our results raise a host of new questions, including to what extent variation in host resistance, infection tolerance and immunopathology can be explained by variation in the slope or sensitivity of these newly characterized patterns.

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“…Sebagian besar patogen pada tubuh lalat adalah bakteri, 20 jamur, 21 Kemampuan bakteri untuk tetap berada dalam tubuh lalat dan berkembang biak serta mengkontaminasi semua permukaan yang dihinggapi lalat sangat dipengaruhi oleh sistem imun dari tubuh lalat itu sendiri. [31][32][33] Clostridium jejuni dilaporkan mengalami penurunan koloni pada pupa lalat setelah 24 jam dan diikuti dengan peningkatan beberapa zat antimikrobial dalam tubuh pupa. 31 Pada fase dewasa lalat juga mengalami kondisi serupa, peningkatan jumlah bakteri pada sekitar 4 jam setelah lalat mengingesti kuman tersebut dan mengalami penurunan pada 8 jam setelahnya.…”

Section: Pembahasan Kepentingan Lalat Sebagai Vektor Mekanik Banyak Punclassified

Lalat: Vektor yang Terabaikan Program?

Andiarsa¹

2018

blb

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Lalat merupakan serangga yang kehidupannya dekat dengan manusia dan seringkali dikaitkan dengan masalah sanitasi dan perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat (PHBS). Dukungan program masih kurang dalam hal pengendalian vektor lalat. Artikel ini berupa studi literature review yang membahas peranan lalat sebagai hama pengganggu dan vektor penyebar berbagai penyakit, kepentingannya sebagai target program, pencegahan dan pengendalian lalat, serta situasi program terkait pengendalian lalat. Beberapa studi menyebutkan bahwa lalat dapat mengandung banyak jenis mikroba patogen dalam tubuhnya sekaligus. Sebagian besar patogen pada tubuh lalat adalah bakteri, jamur, virus, dan parasit cacing. Lalat juga berkontribusi terhadap penyebaran bakteri yang resisten terhadap antibiotik. Strategi paling efektif dalam menurunkan populasi lalat adalah perbaikan sanitasi lingkungan dan perbaikan pola perilaku hidup bersih dan sehat. Dukungan program diharapkan dapat meningkatkan layanan pengendalian vektor lalat dan peran serta masyarakat pada umumnya diharapkan lebih aktif terhadap penanggulangan masalah ini.

show abstract

Downregulation of the Musca domestica peptidoglycan recognition protein SC (PGRP-SC) leads to overexpression of antimicrobial peptides and tardy pupation

Cited by 30 publications

References 30 publications

Functional genomics of the stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

Functional genomics of the stable fly,Stomoxys calcitrans, reveals mechanisms underlying reproduction, host interactions, and novel targets for pest control

Dissecting the contributions of time and microbe density to variation in immune gene expression

Lalat: Vektor yang Terabaikan Program?

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