“…7e and f). XIST levels were significantly decreased in HCC and associated with histological grade and tumor-node-metastasis stage [19]. These results indicated that LncRNA XIST and miR-181a could directly interact with and repress each other, and XIST could inhibit HCC cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting miR-181a.Fig.…”
BackgroundTumor metastasis often occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and influences the patient’s prognosis, and microRNAs are reported to play key roles in tumor metastasis. This study was conducted to explore the effect of microRNAs on HCC metastasis.MethodsThe levels of miR-181a in HCC tissues, adjacent tissues, metastatic HCC tissues, and non-metastatic HCC tissues at different stages were determined by qRT-PCR. Effect of miR-181a on the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells was estimated by cell counting kits-8 (CCK-8), wound-healing, and Transwell assays. Software analysis and luciferase assays were used to explore the target gene of miR-181a.ResultsMiR-181a was up-regulated in HCC tissues and its expression level in metastatic HCC tissues was much higher than in non-metastasis samples. PTEN was found to be a target gene of miR-181a. MiR-181a had multiple binding sites with the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) XIST. The regulation of miR-181a on PTEN was mediated by lncRNA XIST. The proliferation and invasion of cells with siXIST were significantly enhanced compared with those of control cells, while knockdown of miR-181a abolished the enhancing effects.ConclusionsMiR-181a can promote HCC metastasis by targeting PTEN, which is regulated by lncRNA XIST.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3216-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…7e and f). XIST levels were significantly decreased in HCC and associated with histological grade and tumor-node-metastasis stage [19]. These results indicated that LncRNA XIST and miR-181a could directly interact with and repress each other, and XIST could inhibit HCC cell proliferation and metastasis by targeting miR-181a.Fig.…”
BackgroundTumor metastasis often occurs in hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) and influences the patient’s prognosis, and microRNAs are reported to play key roles in tumor metastasis. This study was conducted to explore the effect of microRNAs on HCC metastasis.MethodsThe levels of miR-181a in HCC tissues, adjacent tissues, metastatic HCC tissues, and non-metastatic HCC tissues at different stages were determined by qRT-PCR. Effect of miR-181a on the proliferation, invasion, and metastasis of HCC cells was estimated by cell counting kits-8 (CCK-8), wound-healing, and Transwell assays. Software analysis and luciferase assays were used to explore the target gene of miR-181a.ResultsMiR-181a was up-regulated in HCC tissues and its expression level in metastatic HCC tissues was much higher than in non-metastasis samples. PTEN was found to be a target gene of miR-181a. MiR-181a had multiple binding sites with the long non-coding RNA (lncRNA) XIST. The regulation of miR-181a on PTEN was mediated by lncRNA XIST. The proliferation and invasion of cells with siXIST were significantly enhanced compared with those of control cells, while knockdown of miR-181a abolished the enhancing effects.ConclusionsMiR-181a can promote HCC metastasis by targeting PTEN, which is regulated by lncRNA XIST.Electronic supplementary materialThe online version of this article (doi:10.1186/s12885-017-3216-6) contains supplementary material, which is available to authorized users.
“…Since most protein-based assays lack the desired accuracy, ncRNA-based assays could be considered as an alternative diagnostic tool for HCC. Several studies suggested circulating ncRNAs [142][143][144][145][146][147][148][149][150][151][152][153][154][155] and tumor tissue derived ncRNAs [14][15][16][17]24,156 for HCC diagnosis or survival prediction. While tissue derived ncRNAs might be functionally relevant in the tumor, they are not necessarily good biomarkers for diagnosis.…”
The majority of the human genome is not translated into proteins but can be transcribed into RNA. Even though the resulting non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) do not encode for proteins, they contribute to diseases such as cancer. Here, we review examples of the functions of ncRNAs in liver cancer and their potential use for the detection and treatment of liver cancer.
“…Combination of the lncRNAs plasmacytoma variant translocation 1 (PVT1) and uc002mbe.2 could discriminate early HCC patients from either HBV or HCV positive patients [100] . ZFAS1 [98] or the expressed neighbor of XIST (Enox or JPX) [101] levels in combination with AFP could discriminate HCC from healthy individuals or chronic liver diseases patients with a better accuracy than each biomarker considered individually. The same was found for the combination of serum lncRNA uc007biz.1 (LRB1) with AFP and DCP biomarkers [102] or the combination of PVT1 and uc002mbe.2 with AFP [100] .…”
Section: Circulating Mirnas For Prediction Of Hcc Recurrence and Treamentioning
confidence: 99%
“…Some of the studies investigated the combination of lncRNAs. The combined up-regulation of ENSG00000258332.1 and LINC00635 [96] , or of SNHG and UCA1 [106] or low levels of JPX and X inactive-specific transcript (XIST) [101] significantly correlated with a poorer prognosis in HCC patients.…”
Section: Circulating Mirnas For Prediction Of Hcc Recurrence and Treamentioning
Hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) is the second leading cause of cancer-related deaths worldwide and despite improvement in therapeutic approaches, prognosis remains poor. This can be partly attributed to the fact that the majority of HCCs are diagnosed at intermediate or advanced stages. Availability of circulating biomarkers able to detect HCC at early stages could improve patients' prognosis. At present, however, alpha fetoprotein or desg-carboxyprothrombin are unable to reliably detect HCC at early stages and better circulating biomarkers are needed. Circulating tumor DNA (ctDNA) and non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are emerging as promising biomarkers to achieve the goal. Genetic and epigenetic alterations in ctDNA allow to pinpoint tumor-specific biomarkers, reveal tumor heterogeneity, help monitor tumor evolution over time and assess therapy efficacy. It remains to be fully evaluated the possibility of detecting these biomarkers at early tumor stages. Circulating ncRNAs are quantitative biomarkers with potential use in diagnostic, prognostic and predictive clinical settings. They may help to reveal HCC at early stages. However, because of heterogeneous and sometimes conflicting reported results, they still require validation and standardization of pre-analytical and analytical approaches before clinical applications could be envisaged.
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