Down-Regulation of Damping-off and Root Rot Diseases in Lentil Using kinetin and Trichoderma.

Abstract

Damping-off and root rot diseases caused by several soil-borne pathogenic fungi are the most responsible for high reduction in lentil yield. The aim of the present study is to evaluate the efficiency of kinetin and Trichoderma for controlling these diseases and lentil productivity compared with Rizolex-T50 fungicide. Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum are the common causal pathogens which isolated from infected lentil collected from different fields of Dakahlia Governorate, Egypt. In greenhouse: both tested fungi were pathogenic and caused pre-and post-emergence damping-off. Lentil cultivar Giza 9 was more susceptible for infected with both pathogenic fungi. F. oxysporum was most aggressive in post-emergence damping-off. On the other side, Rizolex-T50 recorded the highest reduction in emergence damping-off in both lentil cultivars, Trichoderma harzianum come next. Anatomically, R. solani caused complete disruption of the epidermal and cortical cells in both cultivars of lentil roots, Giza 9 was very affective. In field: Lentil; Giza 4 cultivar was more tolerant for infected with dampingoff and root rot diseases under natural infection. The application of both Trichoderma species and two concentrate of kinetin led to significant reduction in damping-off and dead plants. T. harzianum was more effective. Giza 4 was the best cultivar in photosynthetic pigments as compared with Giza 9. Except Rizolex-T50, all treatments increased significantly photosynthetic pigments. Kinetin at 100 ppm was more effective. Meanwhile, T. harzianum gave the highest values of total phenols content. Kinetin at level 100 ppm gave the highest average of growth parameters (plant height and branches number plant-1)and yield components (pods number plant-1 , 1000 seed weight and seed yield (kg/fed)). Giza 4 cultivar recorded the highest yield, while Giza 9 was the best in seed quality. The highest seed protein% occurred under the application of T. viride. Meanwhile, kinetin at 100 ppm gave the high phosphorus percentage in the seed of lentil. Therefore, application of kinetin at 100 ppm as well as T. harzianum as seed soaking could be recommended for controlling soil-borne diseases in addition to improving growth and productivity of lentil.

Combined Effects of Compost and Trichoderma spp. on Reducing Damping-off and Root Rot Diseases of Lentil Plants

“…The fungus was pathogenic and causing damping-off and root rot diseases in lentil cultivar (Giza9). Such results confirmed the previous findings are reported by Abd El-Hai, et al (2017) Soil amendment with compost is an agronomically increasing practice as well as an attractive waste management strategy. The addition of mature compost to soil favors plant development and improves soil quality, as well as having a suppressive effect on many soils borne plant pathogens (Erhart et al, 1999;Cotxarrera et al, 2002;Abdelhamed et al, 2004 andKumari et al, 2020).…”

“…Damping-off symptoms are yellow seedlings, while no secondary roots or a brown/black tap roots and plant death. (Hamdi and Hassanein,1996;Abdel-Monaim and Abo-Elyousr, 2012;and Abd El-Hai et al, 2017).…”

“…Trichoderma can indirectly control phytopathogens by competing for space and nutrients, through the secretion of antibiotic volatiles and/or diffusible metabolites, which modify soil conditions promoting growth and plant defense mechanisms. On the other hand, mycoparasitism is considered a direct biocontrol mechanism (Howell, 2003 andBenítez et al, 2004) and in addition, they could have a stimulatory effect on plant growth by secretion of growth promoter substances (Saber et al, 2009 andAbd El-Hai et al, 2017).…”

Impact of Co-Inoculation with Rhizobium leguminosarum and some Plant Growth Promoting Rihzobacteria against Rhizoctonia solani and Fusarium oxysporum Infected Faba Bean

“…It was possible that the effect of the phytopathogenic fungi on chlorophyll and carotenoids was an attenuation of the biosynthetic rate rather than a breakdown of pigments already formed (Elwakil et al, 2009a). This reduction might be attributed to the consequence of the degradation of leaf pigments of plant tissues (Abd El-Hai et al 2017). Kern (1972) reported that the adverse effect of fungal pathogen on chlorophyll pigments may be due to the fact that the fungal toxins form iron-chelate, transforming iron to become unavailable to participate in chlorophyll synthesis.…”