Down but not straight down: significance of lateral flow in the vadose zone of karst terrains

Aley, Thomas; Kirkland, Shiloh L.

doi:10.1007/s13146-012-0106-5

Cited by 7 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 2 publications

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“…If that connection exists, it did not exhibit itself during the course of this trace, suggesting it is sporadic in nature. Results from other studies suggest this is not unusual for vadose zone traces (Aley, 2012). …”

Section: The Fluorescein Tracementioning

confidence: 71%

Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Multidisciplinary Conference

2015

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Section: The Fluorescein Tracementioning

confidence: 71%

Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Multidisciplinary Conference

2015

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“…For example, Asian carp DNA was detected upstream of a fish barrier near the Great Lakes (Jerde et al 2011), but flow reversals, not presence, were provided as the explanation (Song et al 2017). In karst environments, water can flow in many directions due to gravity and topography (Aley and Kirkland 2012), which makes it difficult to understand the movement of eDNA in those environments. For example, we detected O. stygocaneyi DNA in sampling unit 20.1 which is approximately 100 m upslope from sampling unit 10.1 (i.e., the only location where it has been recorded), suggesting those locations may share water during flooding.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Refining sampling protocols for cavefishes and cave crayfishes to account for environmental variation

Mouser¹,

Brewer²,

Niemiller³

et al. 2021

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Subterranean habitats represent focal habitats in many conservation strategies; however, these environments are some of the most difficult to sample. New sampling methods, such as environmental DNA (eDNA), show promise to improve stygobiont detection, but sources of sampling bias are poorly understood. Therefore, we determined the factors affecting detection probability using traditional visual surveys and eDNA surveys for both cavefishes and cave crayfishes and demonstrated how detection affects survey efforts for these taxa. We sampled 40 sites (179 visual and 183 eDNA surveys) across the Ozark Highlands ecoregion. We estimated the detection probability of cave crayfishes and cavefishes using both survey methods under varying environmental conditions. The effectiveness of eDNA or visual surveys varied by environmental conditions (i.e., water volume, prevailing substrate, and water velocity) and the target taxa. When sampling in areas with average water velocity, no flow, and coarse substrate, eDNA surveys had a higher detection probability (0.49) than visual surveys (0.35) for cavefishes and visual surveys (0.67) had a higher detection probability than eDNA surveys (0.40) for cave crayfishes. Under the same sampling conditions, 5 visual surveys compared to 10 eDNA surveys would be needed to confidently detect cave crayfishes and 9 visual surveys compared to 4 eDNA surveys for cavefishes. Environmental DNA is a complementary tool to traditional visual surveys; however, the limitations we identified indicate eDNA currently cannot replace visual surveys in subterranean environments. Although sampling designs that account for imperfect sampling are particularly useful, they may not be practical; thus, increasing sampling efforts to offset known detection bias would benefit conservation strategies.

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“…It is planned to maintain the monitoring network for periods longer than the funding time of this project (3 years), depending on future funding and local support. When several hydrological years are recorded, we will make our data publicly available through a data publication in order to contribute to international efforts like the Critical Zone Observatories (Anderson et al, 2016), the International Soil Moisture Network (Dorigo et al, 2011), or initiatives to improve global earth systems models (Fan et al, 2019).…”

Section: Synthesismentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Using artificial tracer tests, Kogovsek and Petric (2014) showed thatdepending on the tracer injection method, the former hydrological conditions, and the geologic heterogeneities -a rapid infiltration can happen (100 m of bedrock in hours), but most of the tracer is in fact stored within the vadose zone and progressively flushed out in a period of several years. Aley and Kirkland (2012) showed the importance of considering horizontal flow in the processes occurring within the vadose zone by using a compilation of different artificial tracer test studies. Champollion et al (2018) found that significant water R. Berthelin et al: A soil moisture monitoring network to characterize karstic recharge 13 storage occurs in the first 10 m of the vadose zone when applying geophysical methods at two carbonate rock test sites in France.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A soil moisture monitoring network to characterize karstic recharge and evapotranspiration at five representative sites across the globe

Berthelin

Rinderer

Andreo

et al. 2020

Geosci. Instrum. Method. Data Syst.

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Abstract. Karst systems are characterized by a high subsurface heterogeneity, and their complex recharge processes are difficult to characterize. Experimental methods to study karst systems mostly focus on analysing the entire aquifer. Despite their important role in recharge processes, the soil and epikarst receive limited attention, and the few available studies were performed at sites of similar latitudes. In this paper, we describe a new monitoring network that allows for the improvement of the understanding of soil and epikarst processes by including different karst systems with different land-cover types in different climate regions. Here, we present preliminary data form the network and elaborate on their potential to answer research questions about the role of soil and epikarst on karstic water flow and storage. The network measures soil moisture at multiple points and depths to understand the partitioning of rainfall into infiltration, evapotranspiration, and groundwater recharge processes. We installed soil moisture probes at five different climate regions: Puerto Rico (tropical), Spain (Mediterranean), the United Kingdom (humid oceanic), Germany (humid mountainous), and Australia (dry semi-arid). At each of the five sites, we defined two 20 m×20 m plots with different land-use types (forest and grassland). At each plot, 15 soil moisture profiles were randomly selected and probes at different depths from the topsoil to the epikarst (in total over 400 soil moisture probes) were installed. Covering the spatio-temporal variability of flow processes through a large number of profiles, our monitoring network will allow researchers to develop a new conceptual understanding of evapotranspiration and groundwater recharge processes in karst regions across different climate regions and land-use types, and this will provide the base for quantitative assessment with physically based modelling approaches in the future.

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Down but not straight down: significance of lateral flow in the vadose zone of karst terrains

Cited by 7 publications

References 2 publications

Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Multidisciplinary Conference

Sinkholes and the Engineering and Environmental Impacts of Karst: Proceedings of the Fourteenth Multidisciplinary Conference

Refining sampling protocols for cavefishes and cave crayfishes to account for environmental variation

A soil moisture monitoring network to characterize karstic recharge and evapotranspiration at five representative sites across the globe

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