Doublet Separation and Fine Structure of the Balmer Lines of Hydrogen

Kent, Norton A.; Taylor, Lucien; Pearson, Hazel

doi:10.1103/physrev.30.266

Cited by 16 publications

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“…1 We have been successful in identifying and assigning nearly 500 new lines, in the OH 2 spectrum, which are distributed through eight bands, including the (3,1) and (3,2) bands. Assignments extend beyond K = 30 in the (0,0) band.…”

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“…In order to calculate isotope shifts between corresponding lines of 0 16 H X and 0 16 H 2 we find that it is necessary to introduce corrections for isotope effects in spin coupling 1 and in A-doubling in the ground 2 n level and to include y e terms in the expansion of the rotational constant B v in both the upper and the lower levels. The latter is easily accomplished from the rotational constants now in the literature 2 which give: The well-known measurements of the doublet separations in the Balmer series by Kent, Taylor and Pearson, 1 and by W. V. Houston 2 indicate that H/3 is about three percent narrower than predicted by the relativistic fine structure theory, whereas the separations for Ha and H7 agree with the theory within the limits of experimental error.…”

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Spectrum ofO16H2

Johnston

Dawson

1933

Phys. Rev.

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Intermittently, for some months, we have been working on the analysis of the spectrum of OH produced in water vapor containing 35 percent of the hydrogen as H 2 , from which we have obtained good photographs. 1 We have been successful in identifying and assigning nearly 500 new lines, in the OH 2 spectrum, which are distributed through eight bands, including the (3,1) and (3,2) bands. Assignments extend beyond K = 30 in the (0,0) band.In order to calculate isotope shifts between corresponding lines of 0 16 H X and 0 16 H 2 we find that it is necessary to introduce corrections for isotope effects in spin coupling 1 and in A-doubling in the ground 2 n level and to include y e terms in the expansion of the rotational constant B v in both the upper and the lower levels. The latter is easily accomplished from the rotational constants now in the literature 2 which give: 5/=l7.375 « e ' = 0.838 y/= -0.0075 £ e "= 19.009 a/'= 0.686 Y«" = -0.0125The well-known measurements of the doublet separations in the Balmer series by Kent, Taylor and Pearson, 1 and by W. V. Houston 2 indicate that H/3 is about three percent narrower than predicted by the relativistic fine structure theory, whereas the separations for Ha and H7 agree with the theory within the limits of experimental error. The more recent observations of Spedding, Shane and Grace 3 indicate, if we interpret their preliminary report correctly, that the YL l a and H 2 a doublets are both somewhat less than one percent narrower than expected from the theory. Finally, the new interferometer measurements of Houston and Hsieh 4 increase the discrepancy to about three percent for all the doublets of light hydrogen (H 1 ). These last experiments were conducted under such conditions that the intensity ratios of the components were those expected theoretically, and the discrepancy is accordingly attributed to a deficiency in the theory. A simple computation shows that this discrepancy can be accounted for by a deviation from the Coulomb law at small distances from the nucleus. Such a deviation is known to occur for heavier nuclei and there exists evidence pointing to the same conclusion for hydrogen. 5 It might be due in the present case to the finite size of the electron and proton suggested by Born, 6 or to an eventual composite structure of the proton (neutron plus positron).We suppose that the field is Coulomb down to a radius a where a change occurs into some other type of law. A potential attractive as l/r n , where n is greater than or equal to 2, must be rejected on the basis of mathematical considerations. 7 Since the exact shape of the potential curve is not important for such very small distances, we have represented the case where the potential approaches a finite limit by the constant potential e 2 /a and the case where the potential becomes positively infinite by a law repulsive asThe results of the empirical analysis will be published in the near future.Foundation while this work was carried out. 4 DuPont Fellow in Chemistry 1932-3. e 2 /r. As both types were fo...

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Spectrum ofO16H2

Johnston

Dawson

1933

Phys. Rev.

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Über Absorption der Feinstruktur der H_α‐Linie in angeregtem Wasserstoff

Keussler¹

1930

Annalen der Physik

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Einleit un gNachdem durch Goudsmit m d Uhlenbeck die Hypothese des rotierenden Elektrons zur Deutung der Komplexstruktm der Serienspektren eingefuhrt worden war, hat sich die Notwendigkeit ergeben, auch beim Wasserstoffatom dem Elektron einen Drehimpuls zuzuordnen. Unter dieser Voraussetzung ist von Sommerfeld und Unsoldl), Goudsmit und Uhlenbeck2) und Slatera) eino Deutung der Feinstruktur des Wasserstoffspektrums in Analogie zu den Alkalispektren gegeben worden. Das Problem ist nachher von verschiedenen Autoren vom Standpunkt der Quantenmechanik behandelt wordea4)Wird bei der Berechnung der Terme sowohl die relativistische Massenveriinderlichkeit, als auch der Elektronendrehimpuls beriicksichtigt, so ergibt sich fur das Wasserstoffatom ein Niveauschema, bei dem die so gewonnenen Termwerte mit denen der alten Sommerf eldschen relativistisohen Feinstrukturtheorie dem Betrage nach genau ubereinstimmen, jedoch in anderer Weise mit Quantenzahlen zu beziffern sind. Ebenso wie bei den Alkalien ist jeder Term durch drei Quantenzahlen charakterisiert. Die zu gleichen j-Werten gehorigen Teilniveaus, deren Nebenquantenzahlen I sich um e h e Einheit 1) A. Sommerfeld und A. Unsaid, Gitschr. f. Phys. 86. S. 259. 2) S. Qoudsmit und G. E. Uhlenbeck, Physica 5. S. 266. 1925. 3) J. C. Sleter, Proc. Net. Acad. 11. 8.732. 1925. 4) Literaturengaben in A. Sommerfeld, Atombeu und Spektral-1926; ebende 38. 5.237. 1926. l i e n . Webmmechanischer Ergcinzungsband 1929. Annalen der Physik. 6. Folge. 7. 15 1) G. Hansen, a. a. 0. l5* 1) J. Franck und P. Jordan, Handbuch d. Physik Bd. XXIII.

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