Double Universality of a Quantum Phase Transition in Spinor Condensates: Modification of the Kibble-Żurek Mechanism by a Conservation Law

Świsłocki, Tomasz; Witkowska, Emilia; Dziarmaga, Jacek; Matuszewski, Michał

doi:10.1103/physrevlett.110.045303

Cited by 42 publications

(52 citation statements)

References 30 publications

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“…This is due to the divergence of the relaxation time. In the uniform system the quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetic to phase separated state exhibits two scaling laws [11]. The KZ theory results in scaling law…”

Section: Numerical Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…We consider the quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetic to a phase-separated state by increasing an external magnetic field. In our previous work [11][12][13] we demonstrated the modification of the KZ mechanism due to the conservation of a magnetization in the system. Initially, the quantum phase transition develops in the usual way.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Nonadiabatic quantum phase transition in a trapped spinor condensate

2016

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We study the effect of an external harmonic trapping potential on an outcome of the nonadiabatic quantum phase transition from an antiferromagnetic to a phase-separated state in a spin-1 atomic condensate. Previously, we demonstrated that the dynamics of an untrapped system exhibits double universality with two different scaling laws appearing due to the conservation of magnetization. We show that in the presence of a trap, double universality persists. However, the corresponding scaling exponents are strongly modified by the transfer of local magnetization across the system. The values of these exponents cannot be explained by the effect of causality alone, as in the spinless case. We derive the appropriate scaling laws based on a slow diffusive-drift relaxation process in the local density approximation.

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Section: Numerical Experimentsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Nonadiabatic quantum phase transition in a trapped spinor condensate

2016

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“…The non-equilibrium dynamics of quantum phase transitions have attracted great interest in many branches of physics, including cosmology, particle physics and condensed matter physics [1][2][3]. When a system is driven across a phase transition and enters a symmetry broken phase, one of the most nontrivial results is the creation of topological defects, such as domains [4][5][6][7][8][9][10][11][12][13], vortices [14][15][16] and solitons [17][18][19]. The possibility to engineer a quantum phase transition and recover its universality from topological defects is of great significance in non-equilibrium physics [20].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Up to now, great efforts have been made to create multi-component BECs with different atomic species [38,39], isotopes [40] or spin states [41][42][43]. Multi-component BECs exhibit rich physics not accessible in a single-component BEC, including phase separation with symmetry breaking [5,[44][45][46][47][48][49], Josephon oscillation [51] and domain walls [6][7][8][9][10][11]. Remarkably, the phase separation in multicomponent BECs has been observed in several experiments [38][39][40][41]43].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Universality of miscible–immiscible phase separation dynamics in two-component Bose–Einstein condensates

Jiang

et al. 2019

New J. Phys.

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We investigate the non-equilibrium dynamics across the miscible-immiscible phase separation in a binary mixture of Bose-Einstein condensates. The excitation spectra reveal that the Landau critical velocity vanishes at the critical point, where the superfluidity spontaneously breaks down. We analytically extract the dynamical critical exponent z=2 and static correlation length critical exponent v=1/2 from the Landau critical velocity. Moreover, by simulating the real-time dynamics across the critical point, we find the average domain number and the average bifurcation delay show universal scaling laws with respect to the quench time. We then numerically extract the static correlation length critical exponent v=1/2 and the dynamical critical exponent z=2 according to Kibble-Zurek mechanism. The scaling exponents (v=1/2, z=2) in the phase separation driven by quenching the atom-atom interaction are different from the ones (v=1/2, z=1) in the phase separation driven by quenching the Rabi coupling strength (2009 Phys. Rev. Lett. 102 070401; 2011 Phys. Rev. Lett. 107 230402). Our study explores the connections between the spontaneous superfluidity breakdown and the spontaneous defect formation in the phase separation dynamics.

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“…New features of quantum gases emerged with the first realizations of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (SBEC) [4,5], thanks to the many degrees of freedomboth internal and external -and to the excellent control of the experimental parameters. SBECs are extremely rich and versatile systems to study complex quantum vacuua [6], for example to test the validity of universal phenomena like the Kibble-Zurek mechanism [7][8][9], or to study Goldstone modes such as gapless magnons [10].…”

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confidence: 99%

Spontaneous $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking of a ferromagnetic superfluid in a gradient field

Vanderbruggen¹,

Palacios²,

Coop³

et al. 2015

EPL

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We consider the interaction of a ferromagnetic spinor Bose-Einstein condensate with a magnetic field gradient. The magnetic field gradient realizes a spin-position coupling that explicitly breaks time-reversal symmetry T and space parity P, but preserves the combined PT symmetry. We observe using numerical simulations, a phase transition spontaneously breaking this remaining symmetry. The transition to a low-gradient phase, in which gradient effects are frozen out by the ferromagnetic interaction, suggests the possibility of high-coherence magnetic sensors unaffected by gradient dephasing.PACS numbers: 67.85. Fg, 64.60.Ej Introduction -The discovery of the very complex vacuum in superfluid 3 He proved to be highly stimulating to the theory of symmetry breaking [1] and topological defects [2,3]. New features of quantum gases emerged with the first realizations of spinor Bose-Einstein condensates (SBEC) [4,5], thanks to the many degrees of freedomboth internal and external -and to the excellent control of the experimental parameters. SBECs are extremely rich and versatile systems to study complex quantum vacuua [6], for example to test the validity of universal phenomena like the Kibble-Zurek mechanism [7-9], or to study Goldstone modes such as gapless magnons [10].The coupling of SBECs to magnetic fields has been exploited to study quantum phase transitions in SBECs [11][12][13], and to realize point-like topological defects such as Dirac monopoles [14-16] and 2D skyrmions [17]. In these works, spin symmetries and topology were induced by strong gradients, e.g. 37 mT/m in Ref. [14]. Here we show that via a quantum phase transition at lower gradients ∼ 0.5 mT/m, the ferromagnetic interaction can "freeze out" the gradient effect. This suggests the possibility of magnetic sensors free from gradient dephasing, a practical limitation in coherent magnetometry [18][19][20][21][22][23][24].We use group theoretical methods that have proven fruitful in the analysis and classification of SBEC phases [1,25]. The interaction with the gradient realizes an interesting spin-position coupling that explicitly breaks the parity P and time-reversal T symmetries, only preserving the combined PT symmetry. Numerically solving the Gross-Pitaevskii equations of the system, we observe that below a critical value of the magnetic field gradient, the PT symmetry is spontaneously broken and a nonzero overall magnetization appears. This occurs when the ferromagnetic interactions dominate the coupling energy between the gradient field and the spins, resulting in a globally polarized condensate. Moreover, we observe that this effect is associated with a phase transition. Interestingly, discrete, and in particular PT , symmetry breaking is also observed in Bose gases with spin-orbit coupling [26][27][28].

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Double Universality of a Quantum Phase Transition in Spinor Condensates: Modification of the Kibble-Żurek Mechanism by a Conservation Law

Cited by 42 publications

References 30 publications

Nonadiabatic quantum phase transition in a trapped spinor condensate

Nonadiabatic quantum phase transition in a trapped spinor condensate

Universality of miscible–immiscible phase separation dynamics in two-component Bose–Einstein condensates

Spontaneous $\mathcal{PT}$ symmetry breaking of a ferromagnetic superfluid in a gradient field

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