Double transition metal MXene (TixTa4−xC3) 2D materials as anodes for Li-ion batteries

Abstract

A bi-metallic titanium–tantalum carbide MXene, TixTa(4−x)C3 is successfully prepared via etching of Al atoms from parent TixTa(4−x)AlC3 MAX phase for the first time. X-ray diffractometer and Raman spectroscopic analysis proved the crystalline phase evolution from the MAX phase to the lamellar MXene arrangements. Also, the X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) study confirmed that the synthesized MXene is free from Al after hydro fluoric acid (HF) etching process as well as partial oxidation of Ti and Ta. Moreover, the FE-SEM and TEM characterizations demonstrate the exfoliation process tailored by the TixTa(4−x)C3 MXene after the Al atoms from its corresponding MAX TixTa(4−x)AlC3 phase, promoting its structural delamination with an expanded interlayer d-spacing, which can allow an effective reversible Li-ion storage. The lamellar TixTa(4−x)C3 MXene demonstrated a reversible specific discharge capacity of 459 mAhg−1 at an applied C-rate of 0.5 °C with a capacity retention of 97% over 200 cycles. An excellent electrochemical redox performance is attributed to the formation of a stable, promising bi-metallic MXene material, which stores Li-ions on the surface of its layers. Furthermore, the TixTa(4−x)C3 MXene anode demonstrate a high rate capability as a result of its good electron and Li-ion transport, suggesting that it is a promising candidate as Li-ion anode material.

Review of strategies toward the development of alloy two-dimensional (2D) transition metal dichalcogenides

“…Ti x Ta (4-x) AlC 3 was selective etched using HF and resulted into Ti x Ta (4-x) C 3 MXene. Transformation promoted its structural delamination with an expanded interlayer d-spacing, allowing effective reversible Li-ion storage ( Syamsai et al., 2021 ). ( Näslund et al., 2020 ) show delocalized electron redistribution from Ti 3 C 2 to Al layers in Ti 3 AlC 2 electrostatic interaction.…”

MXenes—A New Class of Two-Dimensional Materials: Structure, Properties and Potential Applications

“…The difference between the structures of the Ti x Ta (4−x) AlC 3 MAX phase and the Ti x Ta (4−x) C 3 MXene obtained using 40% solution of hydrofluoric acid is shown in Figure 11 [64]. The images obtained with transmission electron microscopy (TEM) clearly show the layered structure of these materials.…”

Representative 2D-material-based nanocomposites and their emerging applications: a review

“…Additionally, the Ti x Ta (4Àx) C 3 MXene anode displayed a high aptitude rate due to its good electron and Li-ion transport, indicating that it is a promising candidate as a Li-ion anode material. 151 García et al obtained MoTe 2 / MoSe 2 ake composite lms using an isothermal closed-space vapor transformation, with successful applications in those that demand high interfaces, favoring gas or ion exchange reactions with TMDs. The oxide precursor lms were prepared from a Mo isopropoxide solution in isopropanol (IPA), and acid catalysis induced by HCl and thermal annealing at 200 C, 400 C, and 600 C improved the condensation aer xerogel formation.…”