Double-stranded RNAs of cucumber mosaic virus and its satellite contain an unpaired terminal guanosine: Implications for replication

Collmer, Candace Whitmer; Kaper, J.M.

doi:10.1016/0042-6822(85)90158-8

Cited by 46 publications

(20 citation statements)

References 60 publications

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“…5). Collmer & Kaper (1985) showed that an additional unpaired guanosine is present at the 3h end of the minus-strand of the ds form of CMV satellite RNAs. Our results suggest that the ds satellite RNA multimer is not generated as aggregates of the unit-length ds satellite RNA.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of multimers of cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNA.

Kuroda

Natsuaki

Wang

et al. 1997

Journal of General Virology

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Formation of multimers of cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNA.

Kuroda

Natsuaki

Wang

et al. 1997

Journal of General Virology

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“…The possibility cannot be excluded, however, that in the ds molecules containing the parental 3'-adenylated (+) strand, the 3'-ultimate unpaired A could participate in reinitiation of (-) strand synthesis. An analogous function was proposed for the unpaired G present at the other end of the RF molecule [12]. Since the RF molecules isolated from infected ceils carry the unpaired nucleotide only on the (-) strand, they serve, possibly, only for (+) strand synthesis.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…one base shorter than detected for RFs 2 and 3 ( fig.la-c). It was suggested that the 3'-ends of the BSMV RFs 2 and 3 (-) strands carry an unpaired G, as demonstrated for the RF molecules of cucumber mosaic virus (CMV) [12], brome mosaic virus (BMV) [16] and potato virus X [141.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

The structure of barley stripe mosaic virus double‐stranded RNAs

Dolja

Atabekov

1987

FEBS Letters

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The terminal structures of the double-stranded replicative forms (RFs) of barley stripe mosaic virus (BSMV) RNAs 1-3 have been investigated. All three BSMV RFs have identical right-hand ends but unique left-hand ends. The plus (+) strands of RFs lack the 3'-ultimate A typical for the encapsidated BSMV RNAs. The 3'-termini of the minus (-) strands contain an unpaired G. It was demonstrated that the internal poly(A) tract of BSMV genome has an equivalent poly(U)-counterpart in the RF (-) strands. The possible role of these peculiarities of BSMV RF structure in RNA replication is discussed.RNA; Barley stripe mosaic virus; double-stranded RNA; Poly(A) sequence; (Plant virus)

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“…It is interesting that this A is not templated by the RNA being transcribed but rather is added by the replicase in a step associated with termination (25,36). Nontemplated 3Ј-terminal residues are common among eukaryotic positive-strand RNA viruses (9,13,37) and have also been observed to be necessary for efficient transcription from the 3Ј end (see, for example, references 14 and 31). In cases where the viral RdRp itself is responsible for the nontemplated addition, this activity could be a viable target for antiviral drugs.…”

Section: Fig 6 E Coli Trnamentioning

confidence: 99%

Autonomous Role of 3′-Terminal CCCA in Directing Transcription of RNAs by Qβ Replicase

Tretheway¹,

Yoshinari²,

Dreher

2001

J Virol

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We have studied transcription in vitro by Q␤ replicase to deduce the minimal features needed for efficient end-to-end copying of an RNA template. Our studies have used templates ca. 30 nucleotides long that are expected to be free of secondary structure, permitting unambiguous analysis of the role of template sequence in directing transcription. A 3-terminal CCCA (3-CCCA) directs transcriptional initiation to opposite the underlined C; the amount of transcription is comparable between RNAs possessing upstream (CCA) n tracts, A-rich sequences, or a highly folded domain and is also comparable in single-round transcription assays to transcription of two amplifiable RNAs. Predominant initiation occurs within the 3-CCCA initiation box when a wide variety of sequences is present immediately upstream, but CCA or a closely similar sequence in that position results in significant internal initiation. Removal of the 3-A from the 3-CCCA results in 5-to 10-fold-lower transcription, emphasizing the importance of the nontemplated addition of 3-A by Q␤ replicase during termination. In considering whether 3-CCCA could provide sufficient specificity for viral transcription, and consequently amplification, in vivo, we note that tRNA His is the only stable Escherichia coli RNA with 3-CCCA. In vitro-generated transcripts corresponding to tRNA His served as poor templates for Q␤ replicase; this was shown to be due to the inaccessibility of the partially base-paired CCCA. These studies demonstrate that 3-CCCA plays a major role in the control of transcription by Q␤ replicase and that the abundant RNAs present in the host cell should not be efficient templates.Genome replication among the positive-strand RNA viruses is accomplished by sequential end-to-end transcriptions, first of the encapsidated positive sense RNA and subsequently of the newly synthesized negative-sense antigenome. Except for viruses whose genomes are covalently linked at the 5Ј end to a specialized protein, these transcriptions occur by de novo initiation (9). For successful replication by this pathway, transcriptional initiation must occur predominantly or exclusively at the 3Ј ends of genome and antigenome RNAs, with minimal initiation occurring internally or on other RNAs present within the cell. Q␤ replicase provides a convenient means to study the template properties underlying these required specificities for a representative positive-strand RNA virus.Q␤ replicase is the 4-subunit RNA-dependent RNA polymerase (RdRp) enzyme complex that amplifies the 4.2 kb positive-strand genome of bacteriophage Q␤, a phage infecting Escherichia coli (6,34). Unlike the RdRp of any eukaryotic positive-strand RNA virus, Q␤ replicase has been purified to homogeneity and shown to be capable of supporting the full viral genome amplification cycle in vitro (6). This enzyme catalyzes de novo strand initiation with GTP opposite a short cluster of C residues in the CCCA 3Ј termini that are a feature of both positive and negative strands of almost all amplifiable templates described in...

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Double-stranded RNAs of cucumber mosaic virus and its satellite contain an unpaired terminal guanosine: Implications for replication

Cited by 46 publications

References 60 publications

Formation of multimers of cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNA.

Formation of multimers of cucumber mosaic virus satellite RNA.

The structure of barley stripe mosaic virus double‐stranded RNAs

Autonomous Role of 3′-Terminal CCCA in Directing Transcription of RNAs by Qβ Replicase

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