Double-stranded RNA viral infection of Trichomonas vaginalis (TVV1) in Iranian isolates

Khanaliha, Khadijeh; Masoumi-Asl, Hossein; Bokharaei‐Salim, Farah; Tabatabaei, Azardokht; Naghdalipoor, Mehri

doi:10.1016/j.micpath.2017.04.032

Cited by 12 publications

(13 citation statements)

References 29 publications

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“…M. girerdii" and T. vaginalis. Additionally four intracellular dsRNA viruses were identified in T. vaginalis [159]. Recent studies have suggested that these viruses, along with other symbionts, enhance the expression of T. vaginalis virulence genes, consequently leading to increased adhesion to vaginal epithelial cells and cytotoxic activity against Lactobacilli, thus modify its growth rate and disease outcome [160,161].…”

Section: Symbiotic Associations Of T Vaginalis and Increased Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota in vaginal health and pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal infections: a critical review

Kalia

Singh

Kaur

2020

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

167

139

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Recurrent vulvovaginal infections (RVVI) has not only become an epidemiological and clinical problem but also include large social and psychological consequences. Understanding the mechanisms of both commensalism and pathogenesis are necessary for the development of efficient diagnosis and treatment strategies for these enigmatic vaginal infections. Through this review, an attempt has been made to analyze vaginal microbiota (VMB) from scratch and to provide an update on its current understanding in relation to health and common RVVI i.e. bacterial vaginosis, vulvovaginal candidiaisis and Trichomoniasis, making the present review first of its kind. For this, potentially relevant studies were retrieved from data sources and critical analysis of the literature was made. Though, culture-independent methods have greatly unfolded the mystery regarding vaginal bacterial microbiome, there are only a few studies regarding the composition and diversity of vaginal mycobiome and different Trichomonas vaginalis strains. This scenario suggests a need of further studies based on comparative genomics of RVVI pathogens to improve our perceptive of RVVI pathogenesis that is still not clear (Fig. 5). Besides this, the review details the rationale for Lactobacilli dominance and changes that occur in healthy VMB throughout a women's life. Moreover, the list of possible agents continues to expand and new species recognised in both health and VVI are updated in this review. The review concludes with the controversies challenging the widely accepted dogma i.e. "VMB dominated with Lactobacilli is healthier than a diverse VMB". These controversies, over the past decade, have complicated the definition of vaginal health and vaginal infections with no definite conclusion. Thus, further studies on newly recognised microbial agents may reveal answers to these controversies. Conversely, VMB of women could be an answer but it is not enough to just look at the microbiology. We have to look at the woman itself, as VMB which is fine for one woman may be troublesome for others. These differences in women's response to the same VMB may be determined by a permutation of behavioural, cultural, genetic and various other anonymous factors, exploration of which may lead to proper definition of vaginal health and disease.

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Section: Symbiotic Associations Of T Vaginalis and Increased Virulencementioning

confidence: 99%

Microbiota in vaginal health and pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal infections: a critical review

Kalia

Singh

Kaur

2020

Ann Clin Microbiol Antimicrob

167

139

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“…Sequencing: The second round of PCR was done using inner primers and PCR products were purified by the High Pure PCR Product Purification Kit (Roche Diagnostic, Mannheim, Germany) and were used for direct sequencing using the dye termination method and an ABI 3730xl sequencer (Khanaliha et al, 2017).…”

Section: Ethical Issuesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Cancer, Organ Transplant and Primary Immunodeficiency Patients in Tehran, Iran

Esteghamati

Khanaliha

Bokharaei‐Salim

et al. 2019

Asian Pac J Cancer Prev

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Background:Intestinal parasitic infection in immunodeficient patients especially those with impaired cellular immunity, like neoplasia, renal or heart transplant needs careful consideration. The objective of this study is to evaluate the prevalence of intestinal parasites in different group of patients including cancer patients; organ transplants recipients, and primary immunodeficiency patients.Methods:Stool samples from 190 patients including 80 patients with Primary Immunodeficiency, 85 cancer patients and 25 organ transplant recipients were collected; a direct examination with Phosphate buffered saline (PBS) and formalin ether concentration was performed. The DNA was extracted from parasitologically confirmed patients and nested PCR and sequencing was performed and new obtained sequences of Cryptosporidium parvum and Enterocytozoon bieneusi were compared with deposited ones. Results:In general, the prevalence of parasites was 26/80 (32.5%) in primary immunodeficiency, 22/85(25.9%) in cancer group, and 7/25 (28%) in organ transplant. The prevalence of intestinal parasitic infections in primary immunodeficiency patients were Blastocystis hominis 13 (16.2%), Giardia lamblia 10 (12.5%), Cryptosporidium 1(1.2%), Chilomastix mesnilii 1 (1.2%), Dientamoeba fragilis 1(1.2%). Of 25 organ transplants, 6 (24%) Cryptosporidium sp were found, all of which were confirmed as Cryptosporidium parvum and one case of Microspora in a heart transplant recipient was confirmed as Enterocytozoon bieneusi by PCR sequencing. The predominant intestinal parasitic infection in cancer patients was 19 (22.3%) Blastocystis hominis followed by two (2.3%) Giardia lamblia and one Dientamoeba fragilis 1 (1.1%).Conclusion:The high rate of infection with Blastocystis hominis was found in cancer patients especially colorectal cancer patients, so careful consideration should be given by physicians. Cryptosporidium sp was found to be the major cause of parasitic intestinal infection in patients with organ transplant compared to primary immunodeficiency patients; so transplant recipients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy should be considered as a risk group for acquiring microsporidiosis and Cryptosporidium infection.

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“…At first, wet mount samples with sterile phosphate-buffered saline(PBS; pH 7.3 ± 0.1) were prepared and observed using light microscope with 10X and then 40X magnification and then another swab was inoculated into a culture tube at 37°C in Diamond’s TYM medium with 10% heat-inactivated calf serum, 100 U/mL penicillin and 30 mg/mL streptomycin sulphate. Finally T.vaginalis culture was harvested in late log phase and centrifuged at 2000 g for 15 min and pellets were stored at −70°C and isolates were confirmed as T.vaginalis by PCR ( 15 , 16 ).…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…T. vaginalis samples were washed with sterile PBS and centrifuged at 4°C and 5000 g, for 10 min. The RNA was extracted using the Pure Viral Nucleic Acid Kit Roche (Roche Diagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions as previously described ( 16 ). The reverse-transcription polymerase chain reaction (RTPCR) was performed in order to detect TVV RNA in T. vaginalis positive cases.…”

Section: Methodsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The cDNA sequences of only TVV1 strains in CP region to date have been reported in Iran. Based on these sequences, phylogenetic analysis has been performed according to some new TVV1 sequences in comparison with different TVVs in the family of Totiviridae ( 16 ). In this study, different strains of dsRNA virus in Iranian isolates of T. vaginalis were evaluated for the first time in Iran.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The First Detection of Co-Infection of Double-Stranded RNA Virus 1, 2 and 3 in Iranian Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis

Bokharaei‐Salim

Esteghamati

Khanaliha

et al. 2020

IJPA

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Background: The Totiviridae family includes a number of double-stranded RNA viruses that can infect Trichomonas vaginalis. Some T. vaginalis isolates are infected with one or more double-stranded RNA (dsRNA) viruses. In this study, different strains of double-stranded RNA virus in Iranian isolates of T. vaginalis were evaluated for the first time in Iran. Methods: Vaginal swabs were collected from 1550 participants who were referred to hospitals associated with Iran University of Medical Sciences, Tehran, Iran from June to November 2018. T. vaginalis isolates were cultured in Diamond's modified medium. After the extraction of nucleic acids using a DNA/RNA extraction kit, RT-PCR was performed and PCR products were purified and sequenced. Results: In general 9 (0.6%) isolates were confirmed as T. vaginalis among 1550 collected vaginal samples. Among 9 isolates of T. vaginalis, three of them were infected with TVV1. One isolate has multiple infections with T. vaginalis virus (TVV1, TVV2 and TVV3) as coinfection. The nucleotide BLAST indicated that the T. vaginalis virus 1(TVV1) isolates were most closely related to TVV1-OC5, TVV1-UR1-1.The T. vaginalis virus 2 (TVV2) sequence had also a similarity with TVV2-UR1-1, TVV2-UR1 and TVV2-OC3. The sequence of T. vaginalis virus 3(TVV3) had similarity with TVV3-OC5, TVV3-UR1-1 and TVV3-UR1. Conclusion: Three dsRNA viruses T. vaginalis virus (TVV1, TVV2 and TVV3) were detected using RT-PCR in T. vaginalis Iranian isolates. The coinfection of TVV1, TVV2 and TVV3 in one isolate of T.vaginalis was observed for the first time in Iran.

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Double-stranded RNA viral infection of Trichomonas vaginalis (TVV1) in Iranian isolates

Cited by 12 publications

References 29 publications

Microbiota in vaginal health and pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal infections: a critical review

Microbiota in vaginal health and pathogenesis of recurrent vulvovaginal infections: a critical review

Prevalence of Intestinal Parasitic Infection in Cancer, Organ Transplant and Primary Immunodeficiency Patients in Tehran, Iran

The First Detection of Co-Infection of Double-Stranded RNA Virus 1, 2 and 3 in Iranian Isolates of Trichomonas vaginalis

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