Double-sided GTAW of nuclear grade steel: Mechanical and microstructure perspectives

Kumar, S. Mohan; Shanmugam, N. Siva

doi:10.1177/0954408921995137

Cited by 4 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 33 publications

(50 reference statements)

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“…Excessive high hardness in the weld region may also lead to loss of toughness in that region. 35 Fortunately, when welding with the help of developed shielding setup, welds hardness was within acceptable limits. Weld produced using filler metal was having relatively lower hardness in the weld region in comparison to autogenous weld.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigation of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded dissimilar titanium (CP-Ti/Ti–6Al–4V) alloys

Kumar

Mahto

Rana

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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Economical welding of dissimilar titanium alloys has always been a challenge for the aerospace and nuclear industries, where these alloys are extensively used because of their high strength-to-weight ratio. The present investigation deals with the development of a novel shielding setup for the successful welding of commercially pure titanium (α-phase) to Ti–6Al–4V ((α + β)-phase) without any atmospheric contamination using gas tungsten arc welding. Commercially pure titanium (CP-Ti) and Ti–6Al–4V sheets of 3 mm thickness were butt-welded autogenously and using CP-Ti filler metal. Metallographic studies, energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy, X-ray diffraction analysis, microhardness measurements, tensile testing, and fractography were carried out to understand the evolution of the microstructure and characterize the welds. Grain coarsening in heat-affected zone and weld, and variation in the distribution of phases were observed from the optical micrographs and energy-dispersive X-ray spectroscopy spectrum of different zones. An unsymmetrical variation of hardness was observed in the weld region, and a 15% reduction in hardness value (280 HV0.2) was obtained at the weld center of using filler metal weld than autogenous weld. Comparable strengths with little drop from as-received CP-Ti (307 MPa) were observed for welded specimens. Welds produced using CP-Ti filler metal (272 MPa) had higher strength than autogenous welds (214 MPa). As-received tensile specimens fractured nearly from the center of gauge length, but welded tensile specimens fractured near the base/heat-affected zone boundary of the CP-Ti side.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 97%

Investigation of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded dissimilar titanium (CP-Ti/Ti–6Al–4V) alloys

Kumar

Mahto

Rana

et al. 2022

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part E:

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“…A strong joint with the help of ideal process parameters was successfully fabricated. This improved mechanical behavior of the weldment was due to the microstructural variation that occurred during solidification [10]. The fatigue behavior and microstructural characteristics of gas tungsten arc welded stainless steel 321 were reported.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 95%

Double side fiber laser welding: A novel welding technique to join thick plates

Subramaniyan,

Pathinettampadian,

Castro

et al. 2024

Materialwissenschaft Werkst

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Stainless steel grade 304, is one of the most utilized grades of stainless steel and it is chosen for its corrosion resistance. The ideal option is 304, since its lower carbon content lowers intergranular corrosion, especially if corrosion resistance is a top goal for a project. This research work investigates the mechanical and microstructural characteristics of a novel double side fiber laser welded stainless steel 304 plates. Double side fiber laser welding technique is used to fabricate a butt joint with plates of thickness 5 mm. With a laser frequency of 25 Hz, speed of 6 mm ⋅ s−1, and a heat input of 1.4 kW in terms of power is applied to the joint, resulting in a maximum depth of penetration of 2.7 mm. The same parameter is applied on both sides of the plate. The dendritic structures are observed through micrographs of weld and pure metal captured using an optical microscope. Experiments such as tensile, bend, microhardness and impact test have been conducted to ensure the quality of weldment. The weldment consists of austenite and δ‐ferrite. X‐ray diffraction reveal presence of both austenite and ferrite in the weldment. Ductile mode of fracture occurred during failure of tensile samples.

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“…4 Nitronic-50 alloy has twice the yield strength of 304 and 316 steel at room temperature and has more excellent corrosion and chloride pitting resistance than 304 in most conditions. 5 Moreover, Nitronic-50 has considerably low-temperature impact resistance and high-temperature oxidation resistance. 6 Nitronic-50 has been widely used in many applications in the petroleum, automotive, chemical, hydroelectric power plants, food processing, and textile industries.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Enhancing low-speed WEDM machining capabilities on Nitronic-50 with a constant frequency ultrasonic hybrid method

Balasubramaniyan,

Rajkumar

2023

Proceedings of the Institution of Mechanical Engineers, Part C:

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Nitronic-50 stainless steel is a high-strength and corrosion-resistant austenitic premium steel. It requires improved surface characteristics due to its wide use in various applications like fasteners, marine hardware, hydroelectric-power turbines, pressure vessels, etc. This work focuses on machining hard-to-machine Nitronic-50 steel is unconventionally machined using constant frequency ultrasonic-aided low-speed wire electrical discharge machining (USV-LS-WEDM) to enhance its machined surface integrity. This method achieves effective results when cutting high-strength materials with intricate shapes. Material removal rate (MRR) and surface roughness (Ra) were measured by considering inputs such as servo voltage (SV), pulse off time ( Toff), pulse on time ( Ton) and current (I) with an ultrasonic-vibration range of 20,000 Hz. The appropriate selection and usage of LS-WEDM parameters is a challenging process and is done with parametric analysis. The MRR of Nitronic-50 was enhanced with an increase in Ton and I along with a reduction in Toff and SV. Surface roughness (Ra) decreased with a gradual reduction in Ton, I, and an increase in SV. The USV-WEDM was compared with a stand-alone WEDM indicating that the MRR for USV-WEDM was improved by 12% and the Ra was decreased by 9% due to effective distribution of spark discharges, which increased material erosion and redistribution of molten metal characteristics. Machining quality for hard-to-machine Nitronic-50 steel was certainly enhanced via hybrid ultrasonic vibration with the existing LS-WEDM.

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Double-sided GTAW of nuclear grade steel: Mechanical and microstructure perspectives

Cited by 4 publications

References 33 publications

Investigation of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded dissimilar titanium (CP-Ti/Ti–6Al–4V) alloys

Investigation of microstructure evolution and mechanical properties of gas tungsten arc welded dissimilar titanium (CP-Ti/Ti–6Al–4V) alloys

Double side fiber laser welding: A novel welding technique to join thick plates

Enhancing low-speed WEDM machining capabilities on Nitronic-50 with a constant frequency ultrasonic hybrid method

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