“…A particular type of repeat, which does not appear to be done for any of those reasons, involves the reduplication of a linguistic unit within a single prosodic unit and as one turn. This type of reduplication has been documented for the negative response token nej ('no') in Danish (Heinemann, 2003), the positive response token ja ('yes') in both German (Barth-Weingarten, 2011;Golato and Fagyal, 2008) and Danish (Heinemann, 2009), for verbs and phrases in Estonian (Keevallik, 2010), as well as for a variety of lexical, phrasal, and sentential units in Japanese, Russian, and American English (Stivers, 2004). 1 This research has attested that reduplication 'performs an action that is analyzably discrete from the item being repeated' (Stivers, 2004: 268, my emphasis) and does not merely constitute a 'more intense version' of the action implemented by the single item (Golato and Fagyal, 2008: 243).…”