Double-probe measurements of electron temperatures on low pressure diffusion flames criticism of the methods for determining the electron temperature from the double-probe cureent voltage characteristic

Double-probe theory for a continuum low-density plasma

“…Such conditions may exist in flowing afterglow plasmas (Broida and Tanaka 1962), diffusion flame plasmas (Brule et al 1973), the lower ionosphere (Szuszczewicz 1973), or gaseous lasers (Dote and Kaneda 1974), i.e. whenever the charge density is low enough and neutral pressure is high enough (e.g.…”