Double Precursor Solution Coating Approach for Low‐Temperature Sintering of [Pb(Mg_1/3Nb_2/3)O₃]_0.63[PbTiO₃]_0.37 Solids

Abstract

Lead‐based piezoelectric ceramics typically require sintering temperatures higher than 1000°C at which significant lead loss can occur. Here, we report a double precursor solution coating (PSC) method for fabricating low‐temperature sinterable polycrystalline [Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3]0.63‐[PbTiO3]0.37 (PMN–PT) ceramics. In this method, submicrometer crystalline PMN powder was first obtained by dispersing Mg(OH)2‐coated Nb2O5 particles in a lead acetate/ethylene glycol solution (first PSC), followed by calcination at 800°C. The crystalline PMN powder was subsequently suspended in a PT precursor solution containing lead acetate and titanium isopropoxide in ethylene glycol to form the PMN–PT precursor powder (second PSC) that could be sintered at a temperature as low as 900°C. The resultant d33 for samples sintered at 900°, 1000°, and 1100°C for 2 h were 600, 620, and 700 pm/V, respectively, comparable with the known value. We attributed the low sintering temperature to the reactive sintering nature of the present PMN–PT precursor powder. The reaction between the nanosize PT and the submicrometer‐size PMN occurred roughly in the same temperature range as the densification, 850°–900°C, thereby significantly accelerating the sintering process. The present PSC technique is very general and should be readily applicable to other multicomponent systems.

80-MHz intravascular ultrasound transducer using PMN-PT free-standing film

“…12 Nb 2 O 5 (99.99%, Aldrich Chemical Co., Milwaukee, WI), titanium isopropoxide (Ti(OCH(CH 3 ) 2 ) 4 , 99.9% Alfa Aesar), lead acetate anhydrous (Pb(CH 3 COO) 2 .2Pb(OH) 2 , Fluka, St. Louis, MO), Mg(Ac) 2 .6H 2 O (99.9%, Alfa Aesar), and NH 4 OH (5M, Aldrich) were used in this study.…”

Enhancing detection sensitivity of piezoelectric plate sensor by increasing transverse electromechanical coupling constant

“…42 To control the Àk 31 of a PMN-PT layer, we sintered the PMN-PT green tapes under different PbO vapor pressure because PbO will become a liquid phase during the sintering and can be used as a sintering aid to vary grain size. To control the grain size, we used a double-crucible approach during sintering.…”

Single‐Calcination Synthesis of Pyrochlore Free Pb(Mg1/3Nb2/3)O3 Powders Using Particle‐Coating Method

“…The formation of the stable pyrochlore phase prepared in the PMN is mainly because of the low reactivity of MgO and the nonhomogeneity of the starting mixture, which resulted in the formation of a lead niobate‐based pyrochlore phase. Wei‐Heng Shih and colleagues have utilized the coating method to prepare the pyrochlore‐free PMN and PMN–PT powders at 800°–900°C 16–18 . However, in their studies, the pH value must be precisely controlled and sometimes a ball‐mill is also needed 16,17 …”