Double pitch marks in diplophonic voice

Abstract

Determination of pitch marks (PMs) is necessary in clinical voice assessment for the measurement of fundamental frequency (F0) and perturbation. In voice with ambiguous F0, PM determination is crucial, and its validity needs special attention. The study at hand proposes a new approach for PM determination from Laryngeal High-Speed Videos (LHSVs), rather than from the audio signal. In this novel approach, double PMs are extracted from a diplophonic voice sample, in order to account for ambiguous F0s. The LHSVs are spectrally analyzed in order to extract dominant oscillation frequencies of the vocal folds. Unit pulse trains with these frequencies are created as PM trains and compensated for the phase shift. The PMs are compared to Praat's single audio PMs. It is shown that double PMs are needed in order to analyze diplophonic voice, because traditional single PMs do not explain its double-source characteristic.

Diplophonia Disturbs Jitter and Shimmer Measurement

“…Two waveforms with different fundamental frequencies are added together in diplophonic voice [29]. The jitter and shimmer of a summation of two waveforms with different fundamental frequencies is undefined, however, because it has not yet been considered in state-of-the-art jitter models [30,31].…”

Comparison of an audio-based and a video-based approach for detecting diplophonia

“…Diplophonia can either arise from left-right asymmetry [8,9] (i.e., the left and the right vocal fold are vibrating at different frequencies), anterior-posterior asymmetry [9,10] (i.e., the anterior and the posterior part of the vocal folds are vibrating at different frequencies), or combinations of both [8]. Double pulsing (i.e., alternating amplitudes or period lengths) [7,[9][10][11][12] can arise from slight anterior-posterior asymmetry [10], or from inferior-superior asymmetry (i.e., vertical modes [15]), which is not well understood.…”

“…With respect to asymmetric vocal fold vibration, several types of diplophonia have been described [5,[8][9][10][11][12][13][14], while the vocal folds create two distinct oscillators at different frequencies. Diplophonia can either arise from left-right asymmetry [8,9] (i.e., the left and the right vocal fold are vibrating at different frequencies), anterior-posterior asymmetry [9,10] (i.e., the anterior and the posterior part of the vocal folds are vibrating at different frequencies), or combinations of both [8].…”