Double outlet right ventricle with subpulmonary ventricular septal defect (Taussig-Bing anomaly) and other complex congenital cardiac malformations in an American Quarter Horse foal

The variety of phenotypes behind ‘double outlet right ventricle’: clinical and imaging presentations in four dogs and a cat

“…Veterinary retrospective studies suggest that DORV is also a rare congenital malformation in both cats and dogs, accounting for 0.5% to 1% of congenital cardiac defects in cats [8,9], with no DORV cases in retrospective reviews performed on 105 to 976 dogs with congenital heart diseases [8,10,11]. A few isolated case reports, relying essentially on postmortem examinations, have documented this condition in dogs and cats [12][13][14][15], horses [16,17], alpacas [18] and calves [19,20]. To the best of our knowledge, the present report is the first case series with an antemortem DORV diagnosis in small animals, i.e., four dogs and one cat.…”

Ascending aortic aneurysm associated with tetralogy of Fallot in an adult mare

“…Echocardiography is invaluable in the investigation of all forms of heart disease in the horse (Marr et al., 1998). Nevertheless, necropsy is irreplaceable in the definitive diagnosis and quantification of complex congenital heart defects, as some lesions are challenging to interpret on echocardiography (Kohnken et al, 2018). Indeed, previous reports have documented discrepancies between echocardiographic and post‐mortem diagnosis (Hall et al., 2010).…”

Postmortem magnetic resonance imaging findings of tricuspid atresia with ventricular and atrial septal defects and subvalvular pulmonic stenosis in a Japanese native Noma horse

“…Tricuspid atresia, the congenital absence of the tricuspid valve, has been sporadically reported in horses, mostly in Arab or Arab-bred foals [ 2 , 4 , 7 , 8 , 9 , 10 , 12 , 16 , 20 , 21 ]. The etiology of tricuspid atresia is likely multifactorial, involving environmental and genetic factors; however, no specific risk factors have been identified in humans or animals [ 18 ].…”